碳量子点研究

摘要碳量子点是一种以碳元素为主体的新型荧光碳纳米材料，碳量子点具有许多优良性质主要包括：荧光稳定性高且耐光漂白、激发光宽而连续、发射光可调谐、粒径小分子量低、生物相容性好且毒性低和优良的电子受体和供体等特性还有比传统金属量子点更为优越的特点。碳量子点不但克服了传统有机染料的某些缺点，而且有分子量和粒径小、荧光稳定性高、无光闪烁、激发光谱宽而连续、发射波长可调谐、生物相容性好、毒性低等优点。更易于实现表面功能化，被认为是一种很好的理想材料。对近几年国内碳量子点的研究现状，对电弧法、激光剥蚀法、电化学法、模板法等合成碳量子点的方法进行了简单的介绍，以及合成碳量子的方法分类，论述了碳量子点有望取代传统半导体量子点，在生物成像、发光探针分析等领域进行广泛的应用。检测重金属离子，检测小分子，溶液的酸碱性具有越来越重要的作用，是一种新型的纳米材料。为此，开展荧光碳量子点的基础研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值,成为近几年的研究热点。本研究中对其性质，合成以及其应用进行了几个方面的综述。关键词：碳量子点；材料；合成；应用；AbstractAquantumdotisacarboncarbonasthemainelementofthenewcarbonnanofluorescentmaterialhavingapluralityofquantumdotscarbonexcellentpropertiesincluding:lightstability,andhighbleachingfluorescenceexcitationlightwideandcontinuouslightemissioncanbetunedtoasmallparticlesizelowmolecularweight,lowtoxicityandgoodbiocompatibilityandexcellentelectronacceptoranddonorstillmoreexcellentcharacteristicsthantheconventionalmetalquantumdotscharacteristics.Carbonnotonlyovercomethequantumdotcertaindisadvantagesoftheconventionalorganicdye,andasmallmolecularweightandparticlesize,highfluorescencestability,nolightflashescontinuouslybroadexcitationspectrum,theemissionwavelengthcanbetuned,goodbiocompatibility,lowtoxicityandsoon.Easiertoimplementthefunctionofthesurfaceisconsideredtobeanidealmaterialgood.Inrecentyears,researchonthestatusofdomesticcarbonquantumdots,quantumdotsynthesismethodforcarbonarc,laserablation,electrochemicalmethod,templatemethodforasimpleintroduction,aswellasthesynthesisofcarbonquantummethodofclassification,discussescarbonquantumdotsareexpectedtoreplacetraditionalsemiconductorquantumdots,inthefieldofbiologicalimaging,luminescenceprobesforextensiveanalysisapplications.Detectionofheavymetalions,thedetectionofsmallmolecules,thepHofthesolutionhasanincreasinglyimportantrole,isanovelnanomaterials.Tothisend,thebasicresearchcarriedoutfluorescentcarbonquantumdotshasimportanttheoreticalsignificanceandapplicationvalueandbecomearesearchhotspotinrecentyears.Thestudywasreviewedseveralaspectsofitsnature,synthesisandtheirapplications.Keywords:carbonquantumdots;materials;synthesis;application目录第1章绪论....................................................................................................................-1-1.1碳量子点..............................................................................................................-1-1.2碳量子点的优良性质..........................................................................................-1-1.2.1荧光稳定性高且耐光漂白........................................................................-2-1.2.2激发光宽而连续........................................................................................-2-1.2.3发射光可协调............................................................................................-2-1.2.4粒径非常小且分子量低............................................................................-2-1.2.5生物相容性良好且毒性很低....................................................................-2-1.2.6良好的电子受体和供体............................................................................-2-1.2.7碳量子点的光学特性................................................................................-3-1.3本论文的主要研究内容及意义..........................................................................-3-第2章碳量子点的制备..................................................................................................-4-2.1合成材料的选择..................................................................................................-4-2.1.1石墨作为碳源............................................................................................-4-2.1.2活性炭作为碳源........................................................................................-4-2.1.3蜡烛燃烧灰作为碳源................................................................................-4-2.1.4油烟等作为碳源........................................................................................-4-2.1.5碳水化合物作为碳源................................................................................-4-2.1.6其他含碳化合物........................................................................................-5-2.2碳量子点的制备方法..........................................................................................-5-2.2.1激光消融法.................................................................................................-5-2.2.2热解燃烧法................................................................................................-6-2.2.3电化学方法................................................................................................-6-2.2.4电弧放电法................................................................................................-7-2.2.5微波法........................................................................................................-7-2.2.6超声法........................................................................................................-7-2.2.7强酸氧化法................................................................................................-7-2.2.8水热法........................................................................................................-8