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广外大经贸学院张靓芝InternationalCargoTransportInsuranceⅠ.TypesofRisks,LossesandExpensesⅡ.ThePrinciplesofInsuranceⅢ.MarineCargoClausesofCICⅣ.MarineCargoClausesofICCⅤ.CalculationofPremiumⅥ.InsuranceClauseinsalescontract广外大经贸学院张靓芝TypesofRisks,LossesandExpenses•TypesofRisks•TypesofLosses•TypesofExpenses广外大经贸学院张靓芝TypesofRisksRisksPerilsoftheSeaExtraneousRisksNaturalCalamityFortuitousAccidentsGeneralSpecial广外大经贸学院张靓芝TotalLossPartialLossActualTotalLossConstructiveTotalLossGeneralAverageParticularAverageLossTypesofLosses广外大经贸学院张靓芝ExpensesSueandlaborexpensesSalvagechargesTypesofExpenses广外大经贸学院张靓芝RiskPerilsoftheseaExtraneousRisksNaturalCalamitiesFortuitousAccidentsCommonSpecialTotalLossPartialLossActualTotalLossConstructiveTotalLossGeneralAverageParticularAverageLossChargeSueandlaborchargesSalvagechargesCase1•Onecompany(A)importedgoodsfromanothercompany(B)byCFR.Thegoodsareshippedonboardon31thDecember2012,andthenBsendtheshippingadvicetoAontime.AplannedtoinsureW.P.Aforthegoodson4thJanuary2013.•Later,thegoodsaredamagedbyafiredisasteronthevesselon2ndJanuary.ThecarriernotifiedBatonce(byfax)butBhadn’ttransferthisinformationtoAbecauseofitsNewYearHoliday.AndAinsuredW.P.Aforthegoodson4thJanuary2013.•Shouldtheinsurancecompanycompensatethedamageoccurringon2ndJanuary2013?Why?广外大经贸学院张靓芝Case2•Onecompany(A)importedgoodsfromanothercompany(B)byFOB.Thegoodsareshippedonboardon31thDecember2012,andthenBsendtheshippingadvicetoAontime.AplannedtoinsureW.P.Aforthegoodson4thJanuary2013.•Later,thegoodsaredamagedbyafiredisasteronthevesselon2ndJanuary.ThecarriernotifiedAatonce.AndAstillinsuredW.P.Aforthegoodson4thJanuary2013.•Shouldtheinsurancecompanycompensatethedamageoccurringon2ndJanuary2013?Why?广外大经贸学院张靓芝Theprincipleofutmostgoodfaith•Theprincipleofutmostgoodfaithmeansthat,ininsurancecontracts,allpartiesshouldrevealtotheothersanyinformationthatmightinfluencetheothers'decisiontoenterintothecontract.Forexample,theUnderwriterneedstohaveinformationabouttheobjectortherisktobeinsured.Andtheproposerhasalegaldutytodiscloseallmaterialinformationaboutthesubjectmatteroftheinsurancetotheinsurerswhodonothavethisinformation.广外大经贸学院张靓芝Theprincipleofutmostgoodfaith•Becausetheinsuredusuallyhasamuchgreaterknowledgeaboutthethinginsured,andbecauseinsurancecompaniesneedtoknowthisinformationtodecidewhethertheywanttoinsureit,and,ifso,atwhatrate,theinsurancecompanydependsontheinsuredforthisvitalinformation.Ifalossoccurs,andtheinsurancecompanyfindsthatmaterialinformationwasfalse,itcandenycoverage.广外大经贸学院张靓芝Theprincipleofutmostgoodfaith•Materialinformationisthatinformationthatenablestheinsurerstomakeanunderwritingdecisionthatiswhetherornottoacceptarisk;therateofpremiumstocharge,andthetermsandconditionstoapply.Thedutyappliesnotonlytomaterialfactswhichtheproposerknows,butalsoextendstomaterialfactswhichheoughttoknow.广外大经贸学院张靓芝utmostgoodfaith•Utmostgoodfaithisusuallydividedinto3components:•representations,concealments,andwarranties.广外大经贸学院张靓芝Representations•Representationsarethestatementsmadebytheinsuredontheinsuranceapplication.Manyoftheserepresentationsareresponsestoquestionstodeterminewhethertheapplicantisinsurableandhowmuchshouldbecharged.•Aninsurancecontractisvoidablebytheinsurerifanyrepresentationis:material,wasrelieduponbytheinsurer,andwasknowntobefalsebytheinsuranceapplicant.广外大经贸学院张靓芝Representations•Ifthetruthwereknown,theinsurereitherwouldnothaveissuedthepolicy,orwouldhaveissueditwithdifferentterms,andprobablywouldhavechargedhigherpremiums.However,theinsurancecompanycannotdenyaclaimforafalserepresentationunlessitcanprovethattheapplicantliedandintendedtodeceivethecompany—notbecausetheapplicantmerelyexpressedanopinionthatlaterturnedouttobefalse.Butinmostjurisdictions,aninsurancecompanycanalsovoidacontractiftherewasaninnocentmisrepresentationofamaterialfact.广外大经贸学院张靓芝TheProposalform•Theinformationnecessaryforunderwritingariskisgatheredthroughtheuseoftheproposalform,whichisaformdesignedtoobtainallmaterialinformationaboutthesubjectmatterofInsurance.Itraisesrelevantquestionsandcontainsadeclarationtotheeffectthatallthequestionshavebeenansweredtrulyandcorrectly,andthattheproposalanddeclarationshallformthebasisoftheinsurancecontract.广外大经贸学院张靓芝Utmostgoodfaith•Whenmaterialfactsrelevanttotheinsurablerisksaredeliberatelywithheld,ormisrepresentedbycustomers,theiraimistopaylowerpremiumsthantheywouldpayincaseoffulldisclosureandthusdenytheInsuranceCompanytheactualpremiumstheyaresupposedtoreceive.ThelosstotheInsureristheunpaidelementofthepremiums.广外大经贸学院张靓芝Utmostgoodfaith•Ifoneknowsanycircumstanceatallwhichmayinfluencetheunderwritersopinionastotheriskheisincurring,thereisanobligationtodisclosethatwhichoneknowsandtheconcealmentofanymaterialcircumstancewhetheryouthoughtofitasbeingmaterialornot,avoidsthepolicy.广外大经贸学院张靓芝Case3•Onecompany(A)importedgoodsfromanothercompany(B)byFOBandD/Patsight.AinsuredF.P.Aforthegoodson30thDecember2012.Bshippedthegoodsonboardon31thDecember2012andsendtheshippingadvicetoAontime.•Later,thegoodsaredamagedbyafiredisasteronthevesselon2ndJanuary.Arefusedtopaybecauseof