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UnitSixMultimediaUnitSixMultimediaPassageAWhatIsMultimedia?PassageBCharacteristicsPassageCMultimediaUnitSixMultimediaPassageAWhatIsMultimedia?Interestinmultimediaiscurrentlypervasive—entertainmentandeducationalgroupsareexploringnewapplications,andthecomputer,telecommunications,andconsumerelectronicsindustriesareactivelydevelopingunderlyingtechnology.Asaterm,“multimedia”frequentlyusedbutrarelydefined.Amonghardwareandsoftwareengineers,attemptstoprovideameaningrangefromthewhimsical“multimediadefinition”(multimediaiswhenyouhavetoomanycables)tothoseemphasizingcommunicationorinteraction(GrimesandPotel,1991).Itisdifficulttopindowntheessenceofmultimediasincethetermappearsinnumerouscontexts,eachwithitsownnuances.Computerusershavemultimediapresentation,multimediaworkstations,andmultimediadatabases,butthepeopleinvolvedthepresentationauthors,UnitSixMultimediaworkstationsdesigners,anddatabaseresearchersviewmultimediafromdifferentperspectives.Onepointwheretheyagree,however,isontheessentialroleplayedbymultimediadata.[1]Forinstance,multimediapresentations,astheirnamesuggests,involvethepresentationofmultimediadata,multimediaworkstationsdealwiththeprocessingofmultimediadata,andmultimediadatabaseswithitsstorageandretrieval.Perhaps,then,thenotionofmultimediadataisaunifyingthreadtodigitalmultimedia.UnitSixMultimediaSowhatismultimediadata?Let’sfirstlookattherelatednotionofmediadata.McLuhan,inUnderstandingMedia,considersmediaas“extensionstoman”,astechnologiesandproductsgivingoursensesaccesstofurtherformsofinformation.[2]Thisverybroaddefinitionencompassestwomorespecificviews.Thefirstrelatesthetermmediatohowinformationisconveyedanddistributed;forinstance,wehaveprintandbroadcastmedia.Second,wealsousethetermmediawhendescribingthematerialsandformsofartisticexpression.Thisoccurswhenwespeakofdigitalmedia,notinthesenseofdigitalstoragemedia,butinthesenseofdigitalcounterpartstonaturalmedia.UnitSixMultimediaThedistinctionbetweennaturalanddigitalmediamaynotalwaysbeclearcut,buttheideaisthatnaturalmediarelyonphysicalelements—paper,stone,inksandpaints,musicalinstruments,andthestagewhiledigitalmediarelyonthecomputer.Supposewecallartifactstheobjectsproducedinaparticularmedium;wecanthendefinemediadataasmachine-readablerepresentationsofartifacts.Forinstance,prints,paintings,musicalperformances,musicalrecordings,films,andvideoclipsareallartifacts;mediadatacorrespondingtotheseartifactsconsistofdigitalimages,digitalvideorecordings,anddigitalaudiorecordings.UnitSixMultimediaWehavedescribedthreerelatedterms:media,bothnaturaldigital;artifacts,objectsproducedinmedia;andmediadata,digitalrepresentationsofartifacts.Someexamplesareshownbelow:Althoughmediadataarebitsandbytesusedbythecomputer,thisdatacanrepresentartifactsfrombothnaturalanddigitalmedia.Digitalimagesproducedbyscanningeitherphotographicprintsorhanddrawingsarerepresentationsofnaturalartifacts,whiledigitalimagesproducedbyacomputerpaintprogramarerepresentationsofdigitalartifacts.UnitSixMultimediaMediaArtifactsMediadataPhotographicprintsAphotograph(anaturalmedium)(anaturalartifact)AdigitalimageComputerdisplaydevicesAnimageonadisplaydevice(adigitalmedium)(adigitalartifact)AdigitalimageUnitSixMultimediaNowthatwehavethenotionsofmedia,mediadataandartifacts,wedefinemultimediaartifactsasthecompositionofartifactsfromvariousmedia.Differentcompositiontechniquesarepossibleandwilldependuponthemediainvolved.Compositionissometimesdividedintotwobroadcategories:spatialcomposition,forinstance,oneimagebeingjuxtaposedwithasecond,andtemporalcomposition,aswhenanaudiotrackisaddedtoavisualsequence.Inanalogywiththedefinitionofmediadata,wedefinemultimediadataasmachine-readablerepresentationsofmultimediaartifacts.Noticethattheartifactsbeingrepresentedmaybenatural,digital,oramixofbothnaturalanddigital.UnitSixMultimediaKEYWORDSpervasive扩大的，渗透的whimsical古怪的，反复无常的pin钉住，扣住，抓住nuance微小的差别(色彩等)presentation赠与，图像，呈现，演示perspective透视，角度，远景 convey运输，传递，转换counterpart伙伴，副本，对应物artifact人工制品video-clip录像剪辑audiorecording唱片juxtapose并置，并列UnitSixMultimediaNOTES[1] Onepointwheretheycanagree,however,isontheessentialroleplayedbymultimediadata.但是有一个看法是能取得一致的，即多媒体的主要角色是由多媒体数据来扮演的。·本句主语是onepoint，where引导的定语从句用来修饰onepoint，是指可以取得一致看法的一点。·介词短语ontheessentialrole意为：论及重要作用方面(表示条件),谓语动词为isplayed,表被动语态。UnitSixMultimedia[2] Mcluhan,inUnderstandingMedia,considersmediaas“extensiontoman”,astechnologiesandproductsgivingoursensesaccesstofurtherformsofinformation.McLuhan在他的《了解多媒体》一书中，把多媒体看作是人类感官的延伸，其技术和产品为人们提供进一步接触各种形式的知觉。·本句是简单句，McLuhan为主语，considers为谓语，media为宾语。·第一个as引导的短语补充说明宾语media。第二个as引导的是一个现在分词短语，分词短语的逻辑主语是technologiesandproducts, oursenses是giving的宾语。UnitSixMultimediaEXERCISES1. True/False.(1) Thisexistingtraditionisbeingenlargedbyanewtypeofmultimedia.()(2) Asaterm,multimediaisfrequentlyusedbutrarelydefined.()(3) Peopleinvolvedinpresentationauthors,multimediaworkstations,andmultimediadatabasesresearchershavethesameviewonmultimedia.()(4) Althoughmediadataarebitsandbytesusedbythecomputer,thisdatacanrepresentartifactsbothnaturalanddigitalmedia.()(5) Inanalogwiththed