这个问题问得很好.所谓词性是指词的语法功能,即词能在句中作什么成分,是名词就具有单复数之分,是动词就有时态之分,是形容词就可以作定语或状语等,但语素是构词成分,它不可能具有上述各项功能,因此语素是没有词性的语素不能按动名形分类。只有词才有词性。词根语素能,非词根语素不能,不矛盾吗?“词根语素”既能作为词,又能作为语素,分类是它作为词时的分类,不能认为它作为语素身份时也能分类。愚见。未知当否。素Morphemes分为两种,自由词素(FreeMorpheme)和粘着词素(BoundMorpheme)。自由词素是能够作为一个词而**存在的词素。它通常具有独特的词汇意义,能单独构成一个词,也可以相互结合或与其他形式结合而形成新词,这时自由词素被称为词根(Root).由于自由词素所具有的完整的词汇意义,所以它也被称为“ContentMorpheme”。自由词素具有较强的构词能力。它可以是简单的单词,如boy,girl,do,go等。也可以是派生词的词根,如im-polite,self-ish等。粘着词素没有完整意义,不能**使用,只有粘附在其他词素(主要是自由词素)上表示一种附加意义或语法意义,所以它又被称为“GrammaticalMorpheme”。黏着词素-概念黏着词素,顾名思义,是必须黏附在其它词素上构成单词,它们不能作为单词独立使用,如,helpful中的-ful就是一个黏着词素。黏着词素-分类黏着词素分为词根和词缀两类。词根是单词的一部分,经管它们有着明确的语义,但是它们不能单独使用,必须和其它词素或词根结合使用构成单词。例如;在单词antecedENT中,ante-是前缀,表示before,-ced-是词根,意思是go,-ent是后缀,表示athingoraperson。词素前缀一、否定前缀1.纯否定not①a-②dis-③in-④non-⑤un-2.倒转,去除toreverse,toremove①de-②dis-③un-3.反对,抗,相对against,oppositeto①anti-②contra-③counter-④ob-二、空间方位前缀1.前←→后前①ante-(before)②fore-(before)③pre-(before)④pro-(forward)后①post-(after)②re-(backward)③retro-(backward)2.上←→下上①over-(above,on;excessive,toomuch)②super-(above,beyond)③sur-(over,above)④hyper-(excessive,toomuch)⑤epi-(above)下①sub-(undre)②de-(down)③under-(below;lessthan)④hypo-(under,beneath)⑤infra-(below)3.内←→外内①in-(in,enter)②im-(in,inward,enter)③intro-(in,inward)④intra-(inside)⑤en-(in)em-(b,m,p前)外①e-(out)②ex-(out)③extra-(outsideof,beyond)④ultra-(beyond)⑤out-(surpassing,out)4.中间←→周围中间①inter-(between)②mid-(inthemiddleof)周围①circum-(round,around)三、对比前缀1.大←→小大①macro-(large)②mega-(large)③magn-(big,great)小①micro-(verysmall)②mini-(small)2.多←→少多①multi-(many)②poly-(many)少①under-(lessthan,notenough)3.好←→坏好①bene-(good,well)②eu-(good,well)坏①mal-(bad)male-②mis-(bad)4.新←→旧新①neo-(new)旧①old-(verysmall)②pale-(veryold,ofancienttime)paleo-5.朝向←→离开朝向①ad-(to,toward)离开①ab-(away,off)②di-(away)6.相同←→不同相同①homo-(same)不同①hetero-(different)7.聚合←→分散聚合①co-(together)②syn-(together,same)sym-分散①dis-(apart)②se-(apart)8.正确←→错误正确①ortho-(right,straight)错误①mis-(wrong)9.喜爱←→憎恶喜爱①phil-(liking,fondof)憎恶①mis-(hate)10.全←→半全①holo-(complete)②omni-(alloreverywhere)③pan-(all)半①half-②semi-(half,partially)③hemi-(half)④demi-(half)四、数字前缀1.一①mono-(one,single)②uni-(one,single)二①bi-(two,twice)②twi-(two)③di-(two,double)du-④ambi-(both)⑤amphi-(both)2.三①tri-(three)3.四①quadri-(four)②quarter-(onefourth)4.五①penta-(five)②quinque-(five)5.六①sex-(six)②hexa-(six)6.七①hepta-(seven)7.八①octa-(eight)8.九①nona-(nine)9.十①deca-(ten)heci-10.百①hecto-(hundred)②centi-(hundred)11.千①kilo-(thousand)②milli-(thousand)12.万①myria-13.百万,兆,大量①mega-(six)五、其他前缀1.横过(到对面),穿过①dia-(through,across)②trans-(through,across)③per-(through,across)2.自己,自动①auto-(self)3.心灵,精神,心理①psycho-(mind)4.假的,伪的①pseudo-(false)5.继(无血缘关系)①step-(notbyblood)6.改变①trans-(change)7.远①tele-(far,distant)六、改变词性前缀1.a-①将动词变成谓语性形容词alike②将名词变成副词ahead③将名词变成动词amass2.be-①在名词或形容词前,构成及物动词befriend②构成一些介词before3.en-(b,p,m前为em-)①构成动词enable七、多义前缀1.a-①改变词性②否定not③状态④placewhere2.ad-①totoward②again,toadd3.be-①改变词性②构成介词4.de-①toremove,toreverse②down5.di-(du-)①two,double②away6.dis-①not②toreverse,toremove③apart7.en-(em-b,p,m前)①in②构成动词8.ad-①out②former9.in-(im-b,p,m前)①not②inside,toenter10.mis-①bad②wrong③tohate11.over-①above,on②excessive,toomuch12.re-①toundo,toreverse②backward③again13.trans-①across②through③tochange14.un-①not②toreverse15.under-①beneath,below②less,notenough后缀一、名词后缀1.表示“人”1)inhabitantsordwellers①-an②-er③-ese2)belongingtoacertainoccupation①-ian(c,y结尾的形容词或名词后)②-er3)asupporterorbelieverofadoctrine①-an②-arian③-ist4)onewhodoesorperformsanact①-ar②-ary③-ate④-ator⑤-ist⑥-ee⑦-eer⑧-or5)todenoteaspecificfeeling①-ster(abadsense贬义)②-y(dearness亲昵)6)Toformafemininenoun①-ess2.抽象1)stateorquality①-ance,-ancy附在-ant结尾的形容词后附在动词词根后②-ence,-ency附在-ent结尾的形容词后③-cy附在-te,-tic结尾的词干后④-ability附在-able结尾的形容词后⑤-ibility附在-ible结尾的形容词后⑥-ness附在形容词后2)theaction&theresultoftheaction①-al(theactof)②-ion,-sion,-tion③-ment(theresultofanaction)④-ure(actionorresult)3)indicateabstractconcepts①-ship(stateorconditionof)②-th③-tude4)power,rule,government①-cracy5)action,stateorcondition,doctrines,exampleofause①-ism6)state,condition①-hood②-age7)relationship,status,identity①-ship3.学科①-ic,-ics②-logy4.物质(物品和工具)①-al②-er③-ery5.细小①-cle②-en③-ette④-ling⑤-let二、形容词后缀1.可……的,能……的,易于……的1)-able2)-ible3)-ile2.如……的,似……的,……形状的1)-esque2)-ish3)-like4)-y5)-ly3.有……的,多……的1)-ed2)-ful3)-ous4)-y4.属于……的,与……有关的1)-al2)-an3)-ar4)-ial5)-ic6)-tic7)-ual5.具有……性质的1)-acious2)-aneous3)-ant4)-ar5)-ary6)-ate7)-ative8)-atory9)-ed10)-fic11)-ful12)-ical13)-id14)-ious15)-ite16)-itive17)-ive18)-ly19)-ory20)-ous21)-some6.某国的,某地的1)-an2)-ese3)-ian4)-ish7.其它1)-ing①使……的exciting②正……在的developing2)-ed①已……的retired②受……的educated3)-ish略……的,稍……的greenishcoldish4)-less无……的useless5)-proof防……的,不透……的waterproofairproof三、动词后缀1.tomake;tocausetobecome①-ate②-en③-fy④-ish⑤-ize⑥-ise(BrE)2.repeatedorcontinuousaction①-er3.onomatopoeicaction①-sh四、副词后缀1.方式,方法,状态,……地①-ably②–ibly③–ly(一般加在形容词后)2.表示方向①-ward②-wise五、多义后缀1.-al①与……有关,有……的特点autumnal②……的行为refusal③物品manual2.-an①……国(人)European②支持(信仰)……的Christian③职业librarian3.-ar①加在名词后,构成形容词singular②加在动词后,构成名词liar4.-ate①表现出……的,充满……的c