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30 420104 PHYSICSEXPERIMENTATION Vol.30 No.4 Apr.,2010 :2009-11-30;:2009-12-21 :(No.J0730310) :(1975-),,,,,.＊:(1963-),,,,,.26()()陈元杰,殷海玮,陆申龙,马世红＊(复旦大学物理学系,上海200433)3 Ⅱ(400～700nm).3.1 1)1(ZF1,60°00′,2.0′).2)1(200～800nm,72.5mm,1∶4,1200mm-1,±3nm,±1nm,90mm×68mm×62mm),()(5).5 3)(,):4(LED,,3.0V,5W),1CX-4403A(11,LED).4)()1,6.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.(“”“”)6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.() 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.6 ()5)1.6)1(30cm,0.1cm).7)2(20cm×25cm).8)1、HB1、1.9)1(CASIO,fx-82ES).3.2 (),,,LED,,().,LED.(:),.,100,(λ)(:nm).,(:)λ.1)579.0nm(:3),,.(25)2).(50),λ(400～700nm,20),.λn.λ,n,n-λ.,C1C2.3),λ.(25),2(Δλ=10nm)1(10),().2,Δδ,λΔδ/Δλ.λΔδ/Δ.λ,Δδ/Δλ,Δδ/Δλ-λ.:();;,.3.3 nαλ.,nλ.λ,()(),n,nλ.n,7.2,atδ,δ.:at“”,,,δm.n:n=sinA+δm2sinA2.(1)7 Dθ().:Δλ,ΔδΔλ,Dθ=ΔδΔλ≈dδdλ.(2)Dθ:rad/mm(°)/mm.Dθ,1,.λ,nv=dn/dλ,.,.,(Cauchy):n=C1+C2λ2+C3λ4,(3)C1,C2C3.3.4 1),.,.1.5h,,234 ,:26()().2)“”“”.(),,、.,,.2,,,(3)..、,.(2).,,.3).,()、、LED、、、.,.4)Ⅱ280,,2.2 Ⅱ()()()Ⅱ-1(25)25.0(36)0(6)19.26.4Ⅱ-2(50)50.0(1)0(43)17.913.5Ⅱ-3(25)23(2)0(239)1.33.9(100)92.5(1)0(6)38.219.3 :Ⅱ()20030.2:,,、.()50,()28075,.5)———,..“”,.,.,:;,,C1C2;,,,,.,.3.5 2009111(7:0021:00)4.,:??LED?“”(),?4,,.,,,.:,,,“”..,280,,4:1)Ⅱ-1,,,.“”,“”,“”.,19.2,8(.),.,24 30.(15)()20(25),,15()6()(35).:().,36,,6.,,,0,“”..8 Ⅱ-12)(Ⅱ-2),.17.9(50),0.548,45.011.6():29.7,27.5,27.4,26.1,24.924.3;()14.10()7,1(2).(9).9 Ⅱ-2 3),3(Ⅱ-3),.,λ,Δδ/Δλ,Δδ/Δλ-λ.(10):1.3(25).31(),3.03,2.0～2.91.0～1.9()5,0.1～0.97,11()0.,.10 Ⅱ-34)38.3(100).,803(92.5),70～7914,60～6928,50～5930(11).:6045(16.1%,11 Ⅱ),35()153(54.6%).,11254 ,:26()(),,(),:Ⅱ.,(),10,7.,,.,.,,.1),.,.,,.,,,,,(),、.,,,、.2).,,.“”,(,:).,“”,,,“”,:“”“”,,.,,;;().3),、.,、;,、,,,1,、,,..4 280,.,,,.,().,,:,、.:,、,.,、.,..,、、.,.、,.,,.,.,,,.26 30,、,.,.,,,.,.,,,.,.,.,,.,,,.,.,,,,.致谢:作者分别与北京大学物理学院吕斯骅教授、复旦大学物理学系蒋平教授和沈元华教授进行了多次有益和深入的讨论,在此一并表示感谢!同时,感谢复旦大学物理系马秀芳、杨敏和范伟民老师在实验准备过程中提供的帮助.:[1] .[M].:,2006.[2] .(1～8)[M].:,2009.[3] ,.[M].:,2002.[4] ,,.[M].:,1987.[5] ,.[M].:,2003.[6] .2008[M].:,2008.[7] .2009[M].:,2009.[8] ,,.Origin7.5[M].:,2006.[9] .[M].:,1973.[10] ,.[J].,2007,27(12):29-33.[11] ,,.39[J].,2008,28(12):21.[12] ,.()[J].,2004,24(3):66.Solutionsandresultanalysisoftheproblemofexperimentalfinalsforthe26thChinesePhysicsOlympiadCHENYuan-jie,YINHai-wei,LUShen-long,MAShi-hong(DepartmentofPhysics,FudanUniversity,Shanghai200433,China)Abstract:Thecontestantofthe26thChinesePhysicsOlympiadfinalsisaskedtodesignandmakeadigitalclinicalthermometerbasedontherelationshipbetweenthermistorwithnegativetemperaturecoefficient(NTC)andtemperatureintheexperimentalcompetitionI.Then,intheexperimentalcom-petitionII,measurementofminimumdeviationangleandrefractiveindexanddeterminationofdisper-sioncurveandangulardispersionpowerofopticalglassarethetwomainparts.Thecontent,principleinvolvedandsomesolutionsarediscussed,andtheexaminationresultsareanalyzed.Keywords:ChinesePhysicsOlympiad;negativetemperaturecoefficient;thermistor;digitalther-mometer;spectrometer;refractiveindex;dispersioncurve;angulardispersionpower ()[责任编辑:尹冬梅]274 ,:26()()