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摘要摘要随着知识经济时代的到来,企业能否合理有效地管理自己的知识已成为企业在激烈的市场竞争中能否获取竞争优势的关键。知识经济的时代同时也是信息化的时代,整个社会的高效运作对计算机软件产品的依赖程度越来越高。软件质量以及软件质量管理日益成为人们关注的焦点。软件质量特性,反映了软件的本质。对软件的开发过程进行质量管理是解决软件质量问题的重要方法。目前国际上流行的ISO9001标准和CMM模型等都是为了指导企业如何建立符合质量管理要求的开发过程而提出的。但软件产品是一种特殊的逻辑产品，它的“制造”过程基本等同于“设计”过程，显然不能生搬硬套硬件产品质量管理方法来管理软件产品的质量，因此，需要建立专门针对软件产品的质量管理方法。本文详细阐述了软件项目质量管理的认识，并结合实际经历就软件项目中的质量管理做了一些探讨。文章详细介绍了质量和软件质量的概念、软件质量工程体系的思想和内容、软件质量控制和管理的方法和技术，包括软件质量标准、配置管理、软件质量保证和软件测试等；针对实际的软件质量工作，深入探讨了需求分析、软件设计、编程和测试、软件发布和维护等各个阶段的软件质量活动。关键词：质量软件质量质量控制质量保证质量管理过程管理软件测试软件项目管理AbstractAbstractWiththeadventoftheeraofknowledgeeconomy,whetheranenterprisecanreasonablyandeffectivelymanageitsownknowledgehasbecomeacrucialfactorthatcanimpactitsaccesstosuccesssufficiently.Theera—inthemeantime—istheeraofinformationtoo.Theefficiencyofitsbusinessinthewholesocietyisdependingheavilyonthecomputersoftware.Thequalityofsoftwareismoreofvitalconcernment.Softwarequalitycharacteristicsreflecttheessenceofsoftware.Qualitymanagementofsoftwaredevelopmentprocessisanimportantapproachtosolvetheproblemofsoftwarequality.Therearealreadyalotofstandardsofsoftwarequalitymanagement,suchasISO9001andCMM,whichcanhelporganizationstoestablishthesystemofqualitymanagement.Differentfromtraditionalindustrialproducts,theprocessofsoftwaredevelopmentisatthesametimeastheprocessofproducing.Thustraditionalmethodsofqualitycontrolofhardwareobviouslycouldnotreasonablybeadaptedtoqualitymanagementofsoftware.Thisthesisdescribesasoftwareprojectqualitymanagementknowledgecombinedwithpracticalexperienceofthesoftwareprojectqualitymanagementtodosomeresearch.Paperintroducestheconceptofqualityandsoftwarequality,softwarequalityengineeringsystemofideasandcontent,softwarequalitycontrolandmanagementmethodsandtechnologies,includingsoftwarequalitystandards,configurationmanagement,softwarequalityassuranceandsoftwaretesting,etc.;Fortheactualsoftwarequalityandin-depthstudyoftheneedsanalysis,softwaredesign,programmingandtesting,softwarereleaseandmaintenanceactivitiesinvariousstagesofsoftwarequality.Keywords:QualitySoftwareQualityQualityControlQualityAssuranceQualityManagementProcessManagementSoftwareTestingSoftwareProjectManagement目录目录第一章引言.................................................................................................................................1第二章质量.................................................................................................................................32.1质量.................................................................................................................................32.2质量概念的发展............................................................................................................32.3质量管理大师.................................................................................................................42.3.1戴明理论.............................................................................................................42.3.2朱兰理论.............................................................................................................52.3.3Crosby理论.......................................................................................................52.3.46∑理论..............................................................................................................6第三章软件工程基础................................................................................................................73.1软件工程基本原理........................................................................................................73.2质量管理体系ISO9001.................................................................................................83.3项目管理知识体系PMBOK.............................................................................................83.4软件能力成熟度模型集成CMMI....................................................................................9第四章软件项目质量管理论述..............................................................................................114.1质量计划编制..............................................................................................................124.2按照质量计划实施有效的质量控制..........................................................................134.3对软件质量保证的认识..............................................................................................144.3.1有关的SQA理论...............................................................................................144.3.2SQA的工作内容和工作方法...........................................................................154.4对软件配置管理的认识...............................................................................................164.4.1配置管理是职责分工.......................................................................................164.4.2配置管理工作的内容.......................................................................................174.5对软件测试的认识......................................................................................................204.5.1软件缺陷................................................................................................