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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。【2017·全国新课标I】Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday,Itookdrivinglessons.Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor'sorders,soonceIstartedthecar,mymindgoesblank.Iforgotwhathehadsaidtomealtogether.Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword,“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“Turningleft！”IwassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.Afewminuteslate,theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleontheroad.Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday,Itookdrivinglessons.Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor'sorders,soonceIstartedthecar,mymindgoesblank.Iforgotwhathehadsaidtomealtogether.eighteenththe/mybut/yetwentTheinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword,“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“Turningleft！IwassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.Afewminuteslate,theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleontheroad.wordsTurnlatersuddenof英语高考专题复习ErrorCorrectionCharacteristicsoferrorcorrection考情分析1.选材特点①短文一般100词左右。②多为第一人称记叙文，偶尔有议论文或者说明文。③短文改错取材于考生自己的作文或类似考生的随笔，且话题常见。④篇章结构的难易程度符合中学生的认知水平，无生僻的词语和怪、偏、难的句子结构。2.错误类型错误类型有多词、少词和错词三种。在文章的10个错误中，其比例一般为1：1:8。Stepsofcorrectingerrors（解题步骤）第一步：通读全文，了解大意。短文改错必须从全篇考虑，要理解文章的谋篇布局，弄清楚整篇文章的意思。在阅读过程中，要注意行文逻辑、文章的时态以及人称等。第二步：逐句分析，行中找错。短文改错的命题形式一般是给出一篇文章，文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。这就要求考生在解题时以句子为基础，在全面理解上下文的同时，又要在每一句中仔细斟酌，判断正误。第三步：再读短文，检查漏洞。做完以后，再把文章阅读一遍，检查是否有遗漏情况，尤其注意上下句之间的逻辑关系。多读一遍，就有可能把某些不清楚的地方理顺。Formulas（改错歌诀）动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副;代词格，需领悟。非谓动词要记住，冠词连词常光顾;习惯用法及介词，逻辑错误全关注。主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。1.动词形1.LastsummerItakeapart-timejobintheInternationalCampforchildren.2.Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesandhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.3.Asweclimbedthemountain，wefedmonkeys，visitingtemplesandtoldstories.4.Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.verbs(动词)2、名词数错误设置主要包括以下两个方面1.可数名词与不可数名词的混用。2.用于固定词组中的一些名词的特殊用法。常考的不可数名词有：information,knowledge,advice,furniture,equipment,progress,baggage/luggage(行李),homework,housework等1.WhenIwasayoungchildren,myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIrememberwellyearslater.2.Momhasafull-timejob,butshehastodomostofthehouseworks.3.Don’tlosehearts,andyou’llbesuccessfulintime.4.Theyhaveallsortsofcourse.I’msureyouwillfindoneyoulike.nouns(名词)3.还要注意形和副：1.主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的原级或比较级等。2.系动词后(am/is/are/was/were/become/smell/taste等)或名词前用形容词。3.修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。1.I’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.2.Thebadmeatsmellsterribly.3.Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.4.Instead，hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.adjectivesandadverbials(形容词和副词)4.代词格，需领悟代词的错误特点：1.人称代词主格和宾格的误用；2.代词指代的误用(指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误和代词的单复数误用等)；3.不定代词的误用；4.反身代词的误用；5.“it”一词的不当使用(包括用于从句中作形式主语或形式宾语)1.Ifwegoonatripabroad，wecanbroadenyourviewandgainknowledgewecannotgetfrombooks.2.Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.3.Youmaykeepthebooksforseveralweekssothatyoucanhaveenoughtimetoreadit.4.Itdoesnotcostmany，yetwecanstilllearnalot.pronouns(代词)5.非谓动词要记住非谓语动词：现在分词、过去分词，不定式和动名词。错误特点：1.谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2.动词不定式和动名词的错用；3.现在分词和过去分词的错用；4.在并列结构中非谓语动词的误用。改正策略：1.纵观全句确定句中动词所作的句子成分。2.系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能。1.I’mlookingforwardtohearfromyousoon.2.Thebossmadethemtoworktwelvehoursaday.3.Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.4.Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundhisparentsweremissing.non-finiteverbs（非谓语动词）6.冠词连词常光顾：命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1.不定冠词a和an互改2.不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3.根据需要增删冠词。连词but，and，or和so常考用法错。which，who和that引导定语从句；what,that,who,why等引导名词性从句。1.Butinthatcase，wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.2.Atthefirst，IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbyyourself.3.Iteachthem,playwiththem，butwatchthemgrowingup.4.Cleverassheis，butsheworksveryhard.articlesandconjunctions(冠词和连词)7.习惯用法及介词：主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1.一些固定短语中介词的误用2.介词与连词或副词的混用3.及物动词之后介词的多用或不物动词之后介词的漏用1.NowIamleavinghometocollege.2.Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime.3.Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.4.IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow(枕头).idiomaticusagesandprepositions(习惯用法和介词)8.逻辑错误须关注：与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴。1.Unluckily,hewastheonlyonewhofinallygotthewell-paidjob.2.Theretheairisfreshorthemountainsaregreen.3.Ifwestayathome,itiscomfortablebutthereisnoneedtospendmoney.4.Theairkeepingtheballoon（气球）upwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingup.contextlogic（上下文逻辑）Consolidation(巩固)动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副;代词格，需领悟。非谓动词要记住，冠词连词常光顾;习惯用法及介词，逻辑错误全关注。Practice1.HerearetheinformationaboutManchesterUniversity.2.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourhometownsince1978.3.IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.4.Infact,theyareplanningtovisitChinainnextyear.5.Comparingwithothercountries,thecountrypayslittleattentiontothepollution.Practice6.Iamdeepmovedbywhatshehasdoneforme.7.Withhelpofmyteacher,Imadegreatprog