碳材料在电化学储能中的应用-梁骥

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,,,*(,110016):.,,.,,(/、)、,.:;;;;;:O646:A:2015-09-11,:2015-11-04*,Tel:(86-24)83970065,E-mail:fli@imr.ac.cn()、(No.2011CB932604,2014CB932402)、(No.51221264,No.51525206,No.51172239,No.51372253,No.U14012436)、(No.XDA01020304)(No.KGZD-EW-T06)JOURNALOFELECTROCHEMISTRY216201512Vol.21No.6Dec.2015DOI:10.13208/j.electrochem.150845Citethis:J.Electrochem.2015,21(6):505-517ArticalID:1006-3471(2015)06-0505-13、,/、、、.,;,;,;,、、,().,、.,,,,,.,(、、),,,.,,[1].、、、,,,,、、、、()/.,、,,[2].1.、,.,、.,sp1、sp2、sp3.,sp2,sp2.sp22015.sp2,.,(1)[3].,,.,,,,12.sp2,,,、,、,.,,(/).,,,[1,4].,4:1),、,,,,;2)、,,,,;3),、.,,,;4),,,.、、、,、./、、、.22.1/,、、、、、、.1990,.,,[4-5].,.()、()[6].,.,.,、、,.,,,400~1400mAh·g-1,372mAh·g-1.,1[3]Fig.1Diagramshowingtheformationsofdifferentcarbonmaterialsfromgraphenebuildingblocks[3]506··:6,、、、.,[5,7-9].,,,.()().,,,(、),,.,.,(5%),、、.3[10-11]:1),;2),,;3),,、.,.,、,、,.,,.,[1,12-13]:1),,“”(2),;2),,,,;3),,.,,,[14].,、.,,.,(、、、),,,[9].,,,(3).,,.,,、2Fig.2Diagramofcarbonnanotubeasaconductiveadditive507··2015,、,,.,:,,,,.,、,.,,,、、、.,,.,[15-16].,.,,,.(Sn、Sb)、(TiO2、Sb2O4)、(NaxTiyOz),,NaxMO2NaMPO4(M=Fe、Ni、Co)[17-18].,(、0.1060.076nm)[19],,(55mAh·g-1),.,[20-21],、([22-23]、[21][24-25]),,100~200mAh·g-1,.,,,、,.,.2.2,,[26].、,[27-28].,,,[29].,,.,[30-31].,,、、、..,、、,,.,,2000m2·g-13[16]Fig.3Schematicrepresentationofstructuralmodelsforgraphene/metaloxidecomposites[16]508··:6.,、,,.、、,.50~200F·g-1()20~100F·g-1(),.,,,.,[14,32].,,,.,[4,15,33-35].2670m2·g-1,,,(1000m2·g-1),.,(、、)“”,,.,,[36].,,,,,,230~280F·g-1.,、[37].,,,、,,.,[29].、/,,.,,.,.,(2nm)、(2~50nm)(50nm),(4).,,,.,,,[30].,,[38].:1).,,,,4.3V4[30]Fig.4Schemeandmicroscopicimagesofhierarchicalporecarbonmaterial[30]509··2015.,;2),[37],,,,[39];3),[40].2.3,1675mAh·g-1,2600Wh·kg-1,5(/387Wh·kg-1).,,,.、、、,[41-42].,/,,,[43-46]./,.,,,.,,.,.,、,,.,,.,.、,,.,,,[45].,,、.、,,,.,,,,[47].,(),,.,,,.,,.,(),,[48].、、,-,,.,,,.,,(),[49-50].,[45].,,.,5510··:6.2.4“、、、”.,,,,、[2,51].,,,,,(6).,、、、、、[52-53].(、、、),.,,(、).:1),;2);3)、,5[45]Fig.5RoadmaptowardsbetterperformanceofcarbonmaterialsforLi-Sbatteries[45]6A.;B.Fig.6Schematicillustrationofconventional(A)andcarbonbasedflexible(B)electrodecomponentsinlithiumionbatteries511··2015.,3:1),、、,,;2),,,,,、、;3),、、、、、/,、,[2].,.,,(7)./,,,,,[54].,.,.:1),;2),3D;3),.2.5,.,.,,,,,.,,[55-56].,,.,,,,[57].,,7[54]Fig.7SchematicrepresentationoftheprocedureinfabricatingflexibleelectrodesforLi-Sbatteries[54]512··:6,[58-59].,[3].,/,.,[60].,[61]../.,,,.,,,[62].,,[63]..,、、、[64-68].,-、-,(8)[68-69].,,.,,Fe-N4,,,[70].,,,,/[71-72].,.、,,.(),,.,:1),、、;2),.3,.,,.,,.、,.,、,.,,,.,8-[69]Fig.8Synergisticcatalyticactivityenhancementforoxygenreductionreactioninducedfromnitrogenandsulfurdual-doping[69]513··2015,.,3:1):、,、/,,,,;2):、、;3):[73]、[41,74][75-76],[77],.(References):[1]LiuC,LiF,MaLP,etal.Advancedmaterialsforenergystorage[J].AdvancedMaterials,2010,22(8):E28-E62.[2]WenL,LiF,LuoHZ,etal.Grapheneforflexiblelithi-um-ionbatteries:Developmentandprospects[M].Nanocar-bonsforAdvancedEnergyStorage,Wiley,2015,DOI:10.1002/9783527680054.ch5.[3]GeimAK,NovoselovKS.Theriseofgraphene[J].Na-tureMaterials,2007,6(3):183-191.[4]ChoiNS,ChenZH,FreunbergerSA,etal.Challengesfacinglithiumbatteriesandelectricaldouble-layercapaci-tors[J].AngewandteChemie-InternationalEdition,2012,51(40):9994-10024.[5]WenL(),SongRS(),ShiY(),etal.Lithiumstoragecharacteristicsandpossibleapplicationsofgraphenematerials[J].ActaChimicaSinica(),2014,72(3):333-344.[6]DahnJR,ZhengT,LiuYH,etal.Mechanismsforlithiuminsertionincarbonaceousmaterials[J].Science,1995,270(5236):590-593.[7]delasCasasC,LiWZ.Areviewofapplicationofcarbonnanotubesforlithiumionbatteryanodematerial[J].JournalofPowerSources,2012,208:74-85.[8]PanDY,WangS,ZhaoB,etal.Listoragepropertiesofdisorderedgraphenenanosheets[J].ChemistryofMaterials,2009,21(14):3136-3142.[9]WuY,WangJP,JiangKL,etal.Applicationsofcarbonnanotubesinhighperformancelithiumionbatteries[J].FrontiersofPhysics,2014,9(3):351-369.[10]SpahrME,GoersD,LeoneA,etal.Developmentofcar-bonconductiveadditivesforadvancedlithiumionbatter-ies[J].JournalofPowerSources,2011,196(7):3404-3413.[11]WangQ,SuFY,TangZY,etal.Synergeticeffectofconductiveadditivesontheperformanceofhighpowerlithiumionbatteries[J].NewCarbonMaterials,2012,27(6):427-432.[12]LiuC,ChengHM,Carbonnanotubes:Controlledgrowthandapplication[J].MaterialsToday,2013,16(1/2):19-28.[13]EndoM,KimYA,HayashiT,etal.Vapor-growncarbonfibers(VGCFs)—Basicpropertiesandtheirbatteryappli-cations[J].Carbon,2001,39(9):1287-1297.[14]ZhangQ,HuangJQ,QianWZ,etal.Theroadfornano-materialsindustry:Areviewofcarbonnanotubeproduc-tion,post-treatment,andbulkapplicationsforcompositesandenergystorage[J].Small,2013,9(8):1237-1265.[15]SunYQ,WuQO,ShiGQ.Graphenebasednewenergymaterials[J].Energy&EnvironmentalScience,2011,4(4):1113-1132.[16]WuZS,ZhouGM,YinLC,etal.Graphene/metaloxidecompositeelectrodematerialsforenergystorage[J].NanoEnergy,2012,1(1):107-131.[17]KimSW,SeoDH,MaX,etal.Electrodematerialsforrechargeablesodium-ionbatteries:Potentialalternativestocurrentlithium-ionbatteries[J].AdvancedEnergyMa-terials,2012

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