情态动词_必须_的形成和发展

©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(16)57-67[]200438[]20051183,,,1Sweetser(1990:49),Palmer(1986:121-123)3100871471003,;:,,H146A1671-9484(2005)03-0057-111,,1.1,,,(1999:78);,(1995:260),,:,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,(),,,75©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(1977)Palmer(19861990)Bybee(1994),:3()(epistemicmodality)();(deonticmodality)();(dynamicmodality),,()/,,2,4,(1992;20012002),:NPNPVPVP2.1NP|NP,,,,:(1),,,()2.2NPVP|NPVP,,,:8520055234(1996)S+Aux+V,Aux,Aux:1);2);3),,,(1982:61)5,5(2002:102),(2002:9-17)(1985:71)(1995:260),,(2002:54)©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(2),,?()(3),,?,,(,)2.3VP,|VP,,:(4),,,,,,,(157,),,;,,|VP,,,:(5),,()(6),(150)(7),,,,(,3/665b),,,|VP+,,(2002:40),,,3,:,,,,:(8),()(9),,(),:,::,:,,:(10)!!!,?()(11),(),VP,,:(12),,:()(13),,,,,,,(,,95©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.)(2002),5,,,(12)(13),(14):(14),,:,(),;,,,:(15):,,,()44.1,+,++:,,,(1992;1993),,6,,/,7,|NP/VP,,,,,Palmer(1986),;,,8,,,06200555678(2002),,(2002:315-339),3461,6191039(1996),;(2002:27),(2002:62-75),69,32©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(|),2,13,,6,4,,(+),62+,(5),1:(16),,,,,()+,32,4,12:(17),,,(2)(18):,(,3/907a):|02045912+0002032412+,,4.3+,,,:1,,:(19),,()2,,,:(20)():,!()3,,:(21):,():1,,(13);2,,(15),9,:1+12+23+13+1,,,+:1)1+1,,:(22),,,(88)(23),,(6)169(2002:70-74),,©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(24):,?:(,3/451a)(25),,,(,3/763c)2)2+2,,:(26):,,,()(27),:,,,()(28)():::(,3/451a)(29),:,,(,3/904c)4.4,,(2002:121)+,,(1992:134)+,,,+,,,,+,Packard(2001:216-223),,;,,,;,,,10,,,AB=A=B,,,,,+,11,+:(30),;,,,(,37/417c)(31):,,(26200551011(1980),(2002:126)©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.)+:(32),,,(17)(33),,,(,21/457a)(34),,;,(,34/241b)(30)(32)(34)+,(31)(33)++,10(34)+,1213(1997),,---,14,+:,,,-():1191251267157,,-,,;++,+,,++,+,+,,4.5+,[phone]+,,,(2002:145),,,:,,::,,,,,,(20),,(34),,(35)(39)(34),,-,;-,,(1411),©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:1)1,1+1,:(35),()(36)??,?()(37),,(8)(38),,,,,,,(34)2)2,2+2,:(39)():,,()(40):,,()(41),()(42):,,,(2)53,,3,3,(3),,,:(43),,()(44),:,,(3)(45),:,(,155)(46),,,(,2,1997:395)(47),:,(8)(48),,,(120)33,:(49),,,,(4)153+3:(50),,,(,2)462005515(1994:31);6©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(51):,,(162)(52),,(107)(53):,,?(54)(54):!,,,,,!(118)(55):,,,,(24)3+3,3+3,:(56):,,,,(34)(56)3+3,,3(52)-(55),3,312,32?,32(2003),mustmust(Sweetser1990;Bybee1994)32:,32,2,,32,23(49),;,32,3,3+3,3+33+3;,32,33,,3,3,3+3,36,,,,,;,,,,,,,,(must,),56©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(Sweetser1990;Bybee1994),(2002),,,,1992,,262-340,:2002:,:1994,:2002,:1995,:1997,:1997,,194-210,:2001,2002,,257-283,:1992,:1999(),:1980,5,54-631996,,,286-307,:1993(),:1996,2,13-261982,:2002,2003,6,43-48Bybee,J.etal1994TheEvolutionofGrammar.ChicagoandLondon:TheUniversityofChicagoPress.Lyons,J.1977Semantics(2vol).Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.Packard,J.L.2001TheMorphologyofChinese:ALinguisticandCognitiveApproach(:).:Palmer,F.R.1990ModalityandtheEnglishModals,(2nded).London:Longman.Palmer,F.R.1986MoodandModality.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.Sweetser,E.1990FromEtymologytoPragmatics:MetaphoricalandculturalAspectsofSemanticstructure.Cam2bridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.,,1973,,6620055©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:Macro-Grice:AHolisticApproachtoPragmatic;:;:;:;:;:;:;:;:;:FocusandDouQuanti2ficationinMandarinChinese;:;:;:;:5,,,,;;,()76