TheDepartmentOfpowerengineering汽轮机设备及运行华北电力大学动力系刘树华13582625120TheDepartmentOfpowerengineering汽轮机基本工作原理TheDepartmentOfpowerengineering•汽轮机的级----由一列喷嘴•叶栅和其后紧邻的一列动叶栅•构成的工作单元。通流部分----汽轮机本体做功汽流通道称为汽轮机的通流部分,它包括主汽门,导管,调节汽门,进汽室,各级喷嘴和动叶及汽轮机的排汽管。TheDepartmentOfpowerengineering汽流流动演示TheDepartmentOfpowerengineering2222((),,)cwpt蒸汽热力学能喷嘴(nozzle)降压增速汽流的动能动叶(blade)转子的旋转机械能级的工作过程000(,,)cpt喷嘴1111((),,)cwpt动叶汽流改变方向(冲动原理)汽流降压增速(反动原理)TheDepartmentOfpowerengineering蒸汽膨胀增速的条件有合理的汽流通道结构蒸汽需具有一定的可用热能且有压差存在动、静叶栅几何参数平均直径dm,叶片高度l(图中未反映)叶栅节距t叶栅通道进口宽度a出口宽度a1和a2叶型弦长b出口边厚度叶栅宽度B出口汽流角TheDepartmentOfpowerengineeringTheDepartmentOfpowerengineeringTheDepartmentOfpowerengineeringTheDepartmentOfpowerengineeringTheDepartmentOfpowerengineering(a)先扩压后转向(b)先转向后扩压TheDepartmentOfpowerengineeringTheDepartmentOfpowerengineeringTheDepartmentOfpowerengineeringTheDepartmentOfpowerengineeringTheDepartmentOfpowerengineeringTheDepartmentOfpowerengineeringTheDepartmentOfpowerengineeringshB1t=320℃t=295℃t=262℃B2A1A2D2A3D3D1C2B3C3TheDepartmentOfpowerengineeringTheDepartmentOfpowerengineering第二部分汽轮机设备TheDepartmentOfpowerengineering第一章东方汽轮机厂300MW机组概述汽轮机型号N300-16.67/537/537-8机组型式亚临界、单轴、双缸双排汽、一次再热、冲动凝汽式汽轮机旋转方向顺时针(从汽轮机向发电机看)主蒸汽最大进汽量t/h1025主蒸汽额定进汽量t/h899.6TRL工况MW300VWO工况MW333[y1][y2]东方汽轮机厂N300-16.7/537/537-8型TheDepartmentOfpowerengineeringTMCR工况MW312.8主蒸汽压力MPa16.67主蒸汽温度℃537再热蒸汽压力MPa3.181再热蒸汽温度℃537配汽方式喷嘴配汽+节流配汽设计冷却水温度℃21末级动叶片高度851mm末级叶片排汽面积m22×6.69汽轮机总内效率%90.61高压缸效率%84.92中压缸效率%92.28第一章绪论TheDepartmentOfpowerengineering第一章绪论低压缸效率%90.91通流级数级27高压缸级I+8中压缸级6低压缸级2×6轴振动X、Y方向最大值mm≤0.076最低允许真空kPa>78低压缸最高允许排汽温度℃<110盘车转速rpm4.29低压缸末级叶片长度mm851高中压转子脆性转变温度(FATT)℃≤121℃TheDepartmentOfpowerengineering低压转子脆性转变温度(FATT)℃≤27℃发电机转子临界转速rpm1399高中压转子临界转速rpm1679低压转子临界转速rpm1753给水泵拖动方式1×100%B-MCR汽动泵1×50%B-MCR电动泵备用2×50%B-MCR汽动泵1×50%B-MCR电动泵备用第一章绪论铭牌工况(TRL):相关名词解释:TheDepartmentOfpowerengineering第一章绪论汽轮发电机组能在下列条件下安全连续运行,发电机输出额定(铭牌)功率为300MW(此功率已扣除采用自并励静止励磁所需的功率),此工况称为铭牌工况(TRL),此工况下的进汽量称为铭牌进汽量,此工况为出力保证值的验收工况:(1)额定的主蒸汽和再热蒸汽参数,所规定的汽水品质;(2)平均背压为11.8kPa(a);(3)补给水率为3%;(4)额定给水温度;(5)回热系统全部正常投入运行;(6)给水泵正常投入运行;(7)发电机效率98.8%、额定氢压、功率因数0.85。TheDepartmentOfpowerengineering第一章绪论热耗率验收工况(THA):当机组功率(此功率已扣除采用自并励静止励磁所需的功率)为300MW时,除进汽量以外其它条件同TMCR工况时,称为机组的热耗率验收工况(THA)。(4)其它条件同TRL工况中(4)到(7)条。汽轮机进汽量等于铭牌工况(TRL)进汽量,在下列条件下安全连续运行,此工况下发电机输出的功率(此功率已扣除采用自并励静止励磁所需的功率),称为最大连续出力,此工况称为最大连续出力工况(T-MCR):(1)额定的主蒸汽和再热蒸汽参数,所规定的汽水品质;(2)平均背压5.39kPa(a);(3)补给水率为0%;最大连续出力工况(T-MCR):TheDepartmentOfpowerengineeringVWO工况:汽轮发电机组能在调门全开(VWO),其它条件同TMCR工况时,汽轮机进汽量保证不小于1.05倍铭牌进汽量,此工况称为VWO工况。项目TRL工况T-MCR工况VWO工况THA工况出力kW300002312841332839300001热耗值kJ/kW.h8112787478857876再热蒸汽压力MPa(a)3.2943.3193.5683.165主蒸汽流量t/h947.400947.4001025.000899.995再热蒸汽流量t/h779.408784.031844.107747.194排汽压力kPa11.805.395.395.39TheDepartmentOfpowerengineering排汽流量t/h568.849567.342605.082543.447补给水率%3000末级高加出口给水温度℃275.6275.9281.0272.7抽汽级数抽汽口位置流量t/h压力MPa温度℃第一级(1号高加)6级后64.085.774383第二级(2号高加)9级后67.3473.534318.4第三级(3号高加)12级后35.9691.656439.1TheDepartmentOfpowerengineering第四级(除氧器)15级后21.0160.8337.1第四级(小机厂供)15级后18.900.755332.7第五级(5号低加)16/22级后26.1210.468272.3第六级(6号低加)17/23级后24.0080.26205.5第七级(7号低加)18/24级后24.470.137140.3第八级(8号低加)19/25级后49.9920.06387.3TheDepartmentOfpowerengineering型式:亚临界中间再热两缸两排汽采暖抽汽凝汽式汽轮机额定功率:300MW(ECR工况)最大功率:333.69MW(VWO工况)额定蒸汽参数新蒸汽:(高压主汽阀前)16.67MPa/537℃再热蒸汽:(中压联合汽阀前)3.129MPa/537℃背压:5.1kPa(设计冷却水温20℃)额定新汽流量:899.32t/h最大新汽流量:1025t/h采暖抽汽压力范围:0.2~0.55MPa配汽方式:全电调(阀门管理)转向:从汽机向发电机方向看为顺时针方向供热机型:C300/237-16.7/0.39/537/537型(合缸)TheDepartmentOfpowerengineering额定供热工况主蒸汽流量:898.35t/h供热压力:0.39MPa供热流量:350t/h电机功率:237.28MW最大供热工况主蒸汽流量:1025.0t/h供热压力:0.39MPa供热流量:550t/h电机功率:243.376MW轴系临界转速(计算值)QFSN-300-2-20B型电机第一阶:(发电机转子一阶)1397r/min第二阶:(高中压转子一阶)1640r/minTheDepartmentOfpowerengineering第三阶:(低压转子一阶)1750r/min第四阶:(发电机转子二阶)3539r/min第五阶:(低压转子二阶)3698r/min第六阶:4000r/min通流级数总共26级,其中:高压缸:1调节级+8压力级中压缸:7压力级低压缸:2×5压力级给水回热系统:3高加+1除氧+4低加(除氧器采用滑压运行)给水泵拖动方式TheDepartmentOfpowerengineering有两种配置:第一种:1×100%B-MCR的小汽轮机带动;1×50%B-MCR电动调速给水泵作为备用。第二种:2×50%B-MCR的小汽轮机带动;1×50%B-MCR电动调速给水泵作为备用。汽封系统:自密封系统(SSR)末级动叶片高度:851mm末级动叶片环形排汽面积:2×6.69m2汽轮机本体外形尺寸(长×宽×高)18381mm×7464mm×6634mm(高度指从连通管吊环最高点到运行平台距离)TheDepartmentOfpowerengineering抽汽段号12345678抽汽器JG3JG2JG1CYJD4JD3JD2JD1抽汽点(第几级后)6912141617/2318/2419/25抽汽压力(MPa)5.7413.4571.5450.8260.3920.1170.0610.029抽汽压损5%3%抽汽温度℃388.6322.0433.7348.5257.6189.0124.268.4流量t/h65.0369.7128.85963.93922.449.6449.64414.218额定供热工况各段回热抽汽参数、流量汇总表TheDepartmentOfpowerengineeringTheDepartmentOfpowerengineering上海汽轮机有限公司引进型、亚临界、一次中间再热、单轴、双缸双排汽、高、中压合缸、300MW抽汽凝汽式汽轮机技术规范型号:C300-16.67/0.8/538/538型式:亚临界,一次中间再热,单轴,双缸双排汽,高、中压合缸,抽汽凝汽式额定功率:300MW额定转速:3000r/min额定蒸汽流量:907t/h主蒸汽额定压力:16.67Mpa主蒸汽额定温度:538℃再热蒸汽额定压力:3.137Mpa再热蒸汽额定温度:538℃TheDepartmentOfpowerengineering额定排汽压力:0.00539Mpa额定给水温度:273℃额定冷却水温度:20℃回热级数:3级高压加热+1级除氧加热+4级低压加热给水泵驱动方式:小汽轮机驱动低压末级叶片长:905mm净热耗率:7892kJ/kw•h(额定工况下)临界转速:高中压转子一阶:1732r/min;二阶:>4000r/min低压转子一阶:1583r/min;二阶:>4000r/min振动值:工作转速下轴颈振动值≤0.075mm;过临界时轴颈振动最大允许值0.2mm。轴振正常:0.076mm,报警:0.125mm,脱扣:0.25mm。TheDepartmentOfpowerengineering主要性能1、厂用抽汽量四段为82t/h,五段为35t/h。2、额定功率工况:汽轮机主汽门前压力、温度、再热汽门前温度和汽机背压均为额定值,回热系统正常投运,补给水率为零,发电机效率