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TraditionalChinesearchitecturalfeatures•Thefundamentalelements•(1)thebasebuiltwithearth,stoneorbrick;•(2)theearthorbrickwall,andwoodpillarandcrossbeam;•(3)roof•HiproofTaihePalaceintheForbiddenCity•SaddleroofTian’anmen•Gabbledroof•ChongzhengHallinShenyangImperialPalace•Suspensionroof•WenchangCourtyardinSummerPalace•Pointedroof•TheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvestoftheTempleofHeaven•Paraboloidroof•SuzhouStreetintheSummerPalace•(4)dougong(斗拱);•(5)decorations:colorpaintingsandzaojing(藻井)•Characteristics:•(1)wood,brick,tileandearthasthemainmaterials;•(2)aframework;•(3)flexiblelayout-arranging;•(4)standardizedindependentbuilding;•(5)stressingthelayoutofthecomplex;•(6)exquisitestructureanddecorations.•OrnamentalPillar•ScreenWall•GlazedTile•StoneBalusterHead•StoneLions•DoorStuds•KnockerBase•WaterVat•DougongBrackets•CaissonCeiling•“GoldBricks”•PatternedFootpaths•ZoomorphicOrnaments•RoofCrown•Pavilions3.TypesofAncientChineseArchitecture•PalaceArchitecture•GardenArchitecture•TempleArchitecture•TombArchitecture•CivilianResidentialHousingClassificationbyfunction•PalaceArchitecturePalacearchitectureisalsocalledimperialcourtarchitecture.Usuallybuiltongrandscale,theimperialpalacesarecloselyrelatedtoimperialsovereigntyandwerealsoconstructedfortheentertainmentofrulers.ArchitecturalFeaturesofPalaceArchitecture:--Theancientpalaceswerestrictlylaidoutoncentralaxis.--Yellowrooftileswereused.--Thewoodencolumnsofthebuildings,aswellasthesurfaceofthewalls,tendtoberedincolor.--ThedragontotemwasfrequentlydecoratedonImperialarchitecture.•GardenArchitectureChinesegardenarchitectureincludesbothgrandimperialgardensanddelicateprivateones.Theyareallfinecombinationsofnaturalbeautyandman-madescenery.Therunningwater,hillsandstonescreateanartisticenvironmentwithexquisitelayoutsofflowers,trees,gardens,bridges,andinscribedboardsandscrollshungonhallpillars.•TempleArchitectureTaoism/Confucianism/Buddhism/Islam•TaoistTemple•ConfucianTemple•BuddhistTemple•IslamicTempleAChineseTaoisttemple,generallycalledGong（宫）,Guan（观）orMiao（庙）inChinese,istheholyhallwhereTaoistsperformtheirreligiousceremonies.Taoisttemple•TempleArchitecture:ConfucianTempleConfuciantemplesarecalledMiao（庙）orTan（坛）inChinese.•TempleArchitecture:ConfucianTempleBuddhistTempleBuddhisttemplesincludeatemple,pagodaandgrotto,whicharecalledSi（寺）,Ta（塔）,andShiku（石窟）inChineserespectively.•TempleArchitecture:AnIslamictempleisreferredtoasaMosque（清真寺）.IslamicTemple•TempleArchitecture:•TombArchitecturePeopleofallsocialclasseshadtheirtombscarefullybuilt.Overthecenturies,thecraftoftombconstructiongraduallymergedwithartslikepainting,calligraphyandsculpture.Iteventuallybecameitsownartform.CivilianresidentialhousingreferstothehouseofthecommonpeopleindifferentpartsofChina.•CivilianResidentialHousing/FolkHousesEnjoythefollowingpicturesandfindoutwhattheyhaveincommon.Sanheyuan:threebuildingsandawallenclosingacourtyard.Siheyuan:fourbuildingsenclosingacourtyard.CourtyardHouse（院落式民居）HouseFCourtyardHouse（院落式民居）Acourtyardhouseisatypeofhousewhereseveralbuildingsaredisposedaroundacentralcourtyard.e.g.SiheyuanAsiheyuan,orquadrangle,orcourtyardhouseisahistoricaltypeofresidencethatwascommonlyfoundthroughoutChina,mostfamouslyinBeijing.Thenameliterallymeansacourtyardsurroundedbyfourbuildings.Whydoyouthinktherearenowindowsontheoutsidewalls?Thewallsaroundthehousenotonlygiveprivacyandsomeprotectionfromburglars.Insidethewalls,oneisinaprotectedenvironment,wherewomen,forinstance,canmoveaboutfreely,withoutworriesaboutbeingobservedbystrangers.Formen,theouterworldcanbeaburden,makingthespacewithinthewallssomethingofasanctuary.Doyouknowwhythesehousesusuallyfacesouth?--Thesehousesusuallyfacesouthinordertogetmoresunlightduringwinter.--Peoplebelievethatfacingsouthwillbringgoodfengshui.BeijingsiheyuanAccordingtotheowner’sstatusandtheconditionofthebuildingbase,thequadranglescanbedividedintodifferentstyles:single-yardsiheyuan,two-yardsiheyuan,three-yardsiheyuan,four-yardsiheyuan,andfive-yardsiheyuan.Actasatourguideshowingthetouristsaroundthethree-yardsiheyuan.Trytomakeyouintroductionmoresituationalandattractivebyusingtheproperbodylanguage.Payattentiontothefluencyandcoherenceofyourclasspresentation.Role-playing：maingate(大门)reversely-sethouse(倒座房)2ndgate(二门)westernwing-room(西厢房)maincourtyard(内院)mainhall(正房)penthouse(耳房)back-sidehouse(后罩房)screenwall(影壁)easternwing-room(东厢房)backgate（后门）backyard(后院)frontcourtyard(前院)Enjoythefollowingpicturesandfindoutwhattheyhaveincommon.StiltHouse（干栏式民居）HouseAStiltHouse/PileDwelling（干栏式民居）Stilthousesorpiledwellingsarehousesraisedonpilesoverthesurfaceofthesoilorabodyofwater.1.Doyouknowanythingabouttheclimateoftheseareas?--Theclimateishumidandrainy.2.Canyouexplaintherelationshipbetweentheclimateandthewaypeoplebuildtheirhouses?--Thehousesarebuiltinthiswayinordertoavoidfloodingandinsects.3.Howcouldyoudescribetheroofandwhatadvantagesarethereforthiskindofroof?--Theroofislargeandsteep.Itprovideseasydrainageandprotectionfromthesun.CaveDwelling（窑洞式民居）HouseDsunkencourtyard-stylecaves1.Whypeopleliveincavesinsteadofhouses?--Where