Section_ⅢGrammar——非限制性定语从句语法图解探究发现①XieLei,whois21yearsold,hascometoouruniversitytostudyforabusinessqualification.②Sheishalfwaythroughthepreparationyear,whichmostforeignstudentscompletebeforeapplyingforadegreecourse.③I,whoamyourfriend,willsharetheworkwithyou.④NewConceptEnglishisintendedforforeignstudents,whichisknowntousall.[我的发现]通过观察以上句子,我们发现非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语,对或作些附加的说明。如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时往往用与先行词分开。译成汉语时,从句常译成一个。先行词主句逗号句子一、关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句1.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有which,as,who,whom,whose非限制性定语从句不可用that引导,在非限制性定语从句中用who(作主语)/whom(作宾语)指人,用which(作主语/宾语)指物,用whose作定语(指人/物)。Youhavetogetusedtoawholenewwayoflife,whichcantakeupallyourconcentrationinthebeginning.你必须习惯一种全新的生活方式,在一开始的时候,这会占去你全部的注意力。Icongratulatemyneighbour,whosesonhasjustwontheelection.我祝贺我的邻居,他的儿子刚刚赢得选举。Mr.Lee,whogaveusaspeechyesterday,teachesinBeijingUniversity.李先生昨天给我们作报告,他在北京大学教书。(作主语,不可换成that)名师点津:关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略,若指人时,只用whom,不用who。MissWhite,whomyoumetatthestation,isfromAmerica.怀特女士是美国人,你在车站见过她。(作宾语,不可省略whom)[即时演练1](1)用所给动词的适当形式填空①Sheeatstoomuch,makesherheavierandheavier.②Hewaseagertogotothehospitaltoseehisstepmother,helovedandrespectedashisownmother.③Mr.Smith,footwasbadlyhurt,wasquicklysenttothelocalhospital.whichwhomwhose(2)(北京高考)IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,________myclassmatesrecommendedtome.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.where解析:考查非限制性定语从句。句意:上周我从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书,这本书是我的同学推荐给我的。分析句子结构可知,________myclassmatesrecommendedtome是非限制性定语从句,先行词是thebook,关系词在定语从句中作recommended的宾语,应用关系代词which,故选B项。答案:B2.as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别意义as常用来表示说话人对于某事的态度、解释或评论等,含有“正如……”的意思which一般表示某事的状况或结果位置as引导的从句放在主句的前面、中间或末尾which引导的从句只能放在主句之后AsIexpected,hedidn'tbelieveme.正如我所预料的,他不相信我。Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.她听到一个可怕的声音,这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。名师点津:as引导的定语从句,常用在一些固定结构中。asisknowntoall众所周知ashasbeensaidbefore如前所说asisoftenthecase情况常常如此asmaybeimagined这可以想象得出ashasbeenpointedout正如已经指出的那样asoftenhappens这种情况常常发生Asisknowntoall,TaiwanbelongstoChina.众所周知,台湾是中国的领土。[即时演练2](1)选词填空:as,which①wehadexpected,Tompassedthedrivingtest.②Globalwarming,weallknow,hascausedalotofnaturaldisasters.③Tompassedtheexam,madehisparentsveryhappy.④Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,wasnottrue.Asaswhichwhich(2)(山东高考)Thereisnosimpleanswer,________isoftenthecaseinscience.A.asB.thatC.whenD.where解析:考查定语从句。句意:没有一个简单的答案,这在科学领域里是常有的事。as引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,代替前面的情况,意为“正如;正像”。答案:A二、关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when和where。Intheolddays,whenIwasalittleboy,thecityhadnoindustry.在过去,我还小时,这个城市没有工业。Wewillputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon'tbesobusy.我们把郊游推迟到下星期,那时我们就不会这么忙了。SheisgoingtospendthesummerholidayinTsingtao,whereshehassomerelatives.她准备到青岛过暑假,那儿她有一些亲属。名师点津:非限制性定语从句不可用why引导,需用forwhich替代why。Noneofusacceptedthereasonheexplained,forwhichhewasabsent.我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由。[即时演练3](1)用适当的关系副词填空①Aftergraduation,IdecidedtostayinChongqing,Ispentmychildhoodandfouryearsofcollegelife.②AlbertEinsteinleftGermanyfortheUnitedStatesduringWorldWarⅡ,JewswerebadlytreatedinGermany.wherewhen(2)(浙江高考)Ididn'tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,________Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.why解析:考查定语从句。句意:五年级时,我爬上一棵树去取卡在树枝上的风筝,直到那时我才成为一名登山爱好者。先行词thefifthgrade为表示时间的名词,后面的定语从句缺少状语,故用when引导。答案:A三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语,是对先行词的修饰限定,不能删去。Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉,句子就失去意义)是对先行词的补充说明,删去后意思仍完整。Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.他女儿现在在波士顿,下星期回来。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句译法上翻译成先行词的定语,“……的”Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。通常翻译成主句的并列句。I'veinvitedJim,wholivesinthenextflat.我邀请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。关系词的使用上(1)作宾语时可省略(2)可用that(3)可用who代替whom(4)可用why(1)作宾语时不可省略(2)不用that(3)不用who代替whom(4)不用why(用forwhich替代)[即时演练4](1)单句改错①Thebook,thathelostyesterday,hasbeenfound.②Peter,whoyoumetinLondon,isnowbackinParis.③Ihadtoldthemthereason,whyIdidn'tattendthemeeting.that→whichwho→whomwhy→forwhich(2)(安徽高考)MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,________madeoneoftheChinesepeople'slonghelddreamscometrue.A.itB.thatC.whatD.which解析:考查定语从句。句意:2012年莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖,这使得中国人民多年以来的一个梦想实现了。本题考查非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整句话的内容,关系代词which在从句中作主语,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。答案:DⅠ.用适当的关系词完成句子1.By16:30,wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.2.Alotoflanguagelearning,hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.3.Morewildtigershavebeenseenintheforestaroundthisarea,thereusedtobeveryfew.whichaswhere4.Youwillhavetowaitforonemoreweek,themanagerwillbebackfromhistrip.5.Thedoctorwasveryimpolitetothepatient,ofcourse,madethingsevenworse.6.Thereisn'tmuchIcando,makesmedisappointed.7.Whomovedmycheese?,isabestsellingbook,iswrittenbySpencerJohnson.whenwhichthatwhichwhich8.ShirleysaidthatshewouldhaveatwoweekholidayinJuly,Ithink,isimpossible.9.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.10.Themantalkedtoyoujustnowisadoctor.whichwhenwhoⅡ.用适当的连词或关系词完成下列短文Nat,__1__wastenyearsold,livedinasmalltowninEngland.HealwaysstayedinEnglandforhisholidays,__2__onedayhedecidedtogotoS