我国月球探测的总体科学目标与发展战略

19320046ADVANCEINEARTHSCIENCESVol.19No.3Jun.20041001-8166200403-0351-081.5500022.10001214-3P184A1195910km19591976834519697111214151617162024382kg12130001452004-04-092004-04-19*403730371935-E-mailouyangzybao.ac.cn1986NASA1989720112Table1Evolutionoflunarexplorationobjectives1959Luna21959Luna319641965Ranger719661968Luna919661973LunarOrbiter519681969Apollo919701976Luna1619691972Apollo1519941998ClementineLunarProspec-torAitken66t3920021010102002212211FeO/MgO12212101346316Ga12444.05GaKREEP4.0539Ga393.15Ga3.1508Ga2531908Ga3.15Ga320m31210144132W/cm2106J/h21010J/a10171018J/a10710831Ga5700km1000km70km61341007LunarRegolith-31213510m4GaHHeNC3108/cm2s50100m5000-32222115822196TiO20.5133TiO22222106km348TiO24.278TiO24.230FeTiO315001012t4FeTiO380160km31100101222001012tTiO268TiO24.5FeTiO31300101219001012t42911KREEP3533KREEP-1212013-1214151617Sm/Nd143Nd/147Nd2313Th3.51063.51069106911ThThThThTh1020km9115-15REEREE511.72106g/g225450t2221121012kW14.51.353kW/m2202.7kWh2-313140.2m0.11cm3/g-3-3-3-3-3-334ng/g3He3HeApolloLuna3He100500t-31520t500MWD-3He3He50kg100t3He-3-33He-3231121/6453191014140101701024106/131GaBP31Ga33132200520203-3553333111112149FeTi/X3-3438km3CZ3A2600kgGTODFH-32300kg980kg200km1USBSVLBI40000kmUSBUSBVLBIUSBVLBIUSBVLBI25m25m10m50m2200331120039271111165319342110km1/2X/345AKRCMEAGN3532010References1M1977.41-203.2.M.1988.93-145.3GrantHeikenDavidVanimanBevanMFrench.LunarSource-bookAUsersGuidetotheMoonMCambrdageCambridgeUniversityPress1991.121-474.4OuyangZjyuanZouYongliaoLiChunlaietal.ProspectofexplorationandutilizationofsomelunarresourcesJ.EarthScienceJournalofChinaUniversityofGeosciences2002275498-503inChinese.5LawrenceDJFeldmanWCBarracloughBLetal.Globalele-mentalmapsoftheMoonThelunarprospectorgamma-rayspec-tormaterJScience199828141984-1988.6PaulGLuceyBlewettDT.LunarironandtitaniumabundancealgorithmsbasedonfinalprocessingofClementineultraviolet-visi-bleimagesJJournalofGeophysicalResearch2000105820297-20305.7PaulGLuceyBlewettDTHawkeBR.MappingtheFeOandTiO2contentofthelunarsurfacewithmultispectralimageryJ.JournalofGeophysicalResearch19981033679-3699.8ElphicRCLawrenceDJFeldmanWCetal.LunarFeandTiabundanceComparisonofLunarProspectordataJ.Science199828141993-1996.9LawrenceDJFeldmanWCBarracloughBLetal.Thoriuma-bundancesonthelunarsurfaceJ.JournalofGeophysicalRe-search2000105820307-20331.10LarryA.HaskinGillisSeffreyJKorotevRandyLetal.ThematerialsoftheLunarProcellaruKREEPTerraneAsynthesisofdatafromgeomorphologicalmappingremotesensingandsampleanalysesJ.JournalofGeophysicalResearch2000105820403-20415.11MarkAWieczorekRogerJPhillips.TheProcellarumKREEPTerraneImplicationsformarevolcanismandlunarevolutionCJournalofGeophysicalResearch2000105820417-20430.12ZouYongliaoOuyangZiyuanXulinetal.LunarsurfaceenvironmentalcharacteristicsJ.Qua-ternarySciences2002226533-539inChi-nese.13HeadJWWilsonL.LunarmarevolcanismStratigraphyrup-tionconditionsandtheevolutionofsecondarycrustsJGeochimiaetCosmochimicaActa1992562155-2175.7533SCIENTIFICOBJECTIVESOFCHINESELUNAREXPLORATIONPROJECTANDDEVELOPMENTSTRATEGYOUYANGZi-yuan1.InstituteofGeochemistryCASGuiyang550002China2.NationalAstronomicalObservatoriesCASBeijing100012ChinaAbstractTheauthorbrieflysumsuptheevolutionhistoryanddevelopmenttrendoflunarexplorationandconsidersthegeneralobjectivesofmodernlunarexplorationasfollowinginthispaper1Researchesontheori-ginandevolutionoftheMoonandthesystemoftheEarth-MoonespeciallythedisappearanceoflunaratmosphereandmagneticfielddistributionandformationenvironmentoflunarmineralsandrocksformationoflunarregolithandtheinnerstructureoftheMoonaswellastheevolutionhistoryoftheMoon2ExplorationoflunarresourceenergyandspecialenvironmentaswellasitssupportingcapacityforsocialsustainabledevelopmentontheEarth.BasedontheaboveanalysestheChineselunarexplorationprojectisestablishedandincludesthreesteps.ThefirststepofChineselunarexplorationprojectwillstartwithremotesensingdetectingonthesatellitearoundthemoon.Themainscientificobjectivesofthefirstprojectincludeacquirementofthreedimensionalatlasofthemoonssur-facetheglobaldistributionandabundanceoftheabundantusable14elementsandthethicknessofthelunarrego-lithandestimationofHe-3reservoiraswellastheeffectofsolaractivityonthespaceenvironmentnearthemoon.Thesecondprojectwillsendsoftlandingdetectorandthelunarrover.Itsmainobjectivesisthegeologicalgeo-chemicalandgeophysicalexplorationofthelandingareaandestablishmentoftheastronomicalobservation.ThemainscientificobjectivesofthethirdprojectistocollectlunarspecimensandreturntotheEarth.KeywordsLunarexplorationScientificobjectivesDevelopmentstrategyChina.85319