2014中考第一轮复习人教版(新目标)八下Units7-8词汇复习单词1.rightaway→_____________(同义短语)2.polite→________(反义词)→adv._______→n._________3.perhaps→________(同义词)4.behave→n.________行为;举止;表现5.break→_______(过去式)6.person→adj._________私人的;个人的7.mouse→________(复数)8.child→________(复数)→_______(同义词)9.advantage→_____________(反义词)10.sleep→adj._______睡着的→adj._______困倦的11.choose→________(过去式)→__________(过去分词)12.clear→adv.________清楚地;明显地13.win→n._______14.suggest→n.__________atonceimpolitepolitelypolitenessmaybebehaviorbrokepersonalmicechildrenkiddisadvantageasleepsleepychosechosenclearlywinnersuggestion重点词汇讲练1.politeadj.有礼貌的;客气的,其反义词是impolite,意为“无礼的;粗鲁的”,相当于rude。Sheisapolitegirl.她是个有礼貌的女孩。It’simpolitetocutinline.插队是不礼貌的。politelyadv.有礼貌地;客气地;斯文地Weshouldspeaktotheoldpolitely.我们应当对老人有礼貌地说话。politenessn.有礼貌Whatdoyouthinkofpoliteness?你如何看待有礼貌?单项选择It’s____tospeakloudlyinthelibrary.Youshouldbehavewell.A.friendlyB.impoliteC.politeD.normal2.perhapsadv.或许;大概,相当于maybe。Perhapsitwillraintomorrow.=Maybeitwillraintomorrow.明天可能要下雨。辨析:probably和perhaps二者都有“可能”的意思,其语气不同:B1)probably很有可能;十之八九,其语气较强,可能性较大。Probablyshewon’tbelate.她很有可能不会迟到。2)perhaps也许,含有“可能这样也可能不这样”的意思。Perhapsyouareright.也许你是对的。同义句转换Theboymaybeastudent._____________theboy_____astudent.3.allowv.允许;准许,可以用于下面的三种情况:1)allow后可直接跟动词的-ing形式,构成allowdoingsth.意为“允许做某事”。Wedon’talloweatingintheclassroom.我们不允许在教室里吃饭。2)allow可跟动词不定式作宾补,构成allowsb.todosth.意为“允许某人做某事”。Myparentsdon’tallowmetogooutatnight.我父母不允许我晚上外出。3)allow可用于被动结构中,构成beallowed,意为“被允许”。Smokingisn’tallowedhere.这儿不允许吸烟。单项选择Wedon’tallow____inouroffices,butweallowpeople_____inthesmokingrooms.A.tosmoke;tosmokeB.smoking;smokingC.tosmoke;smokingD.smoking;tosmokeMaybe/PerhapsisD4.voicen.声音Hervoiceissweet.她的声音很甜。辨析:voice,sound和noise三者都有“声音”的意思,但有不同:1)voice指人的嗓音或说话、唱歌时发出的声音。Shehasagoodvoice.她有一副好嗓音。2)sound泛指人们听到的“声音”,可以指人和动物的声音,也可以指物体碰撞发出的声音或大自然的任何声音。Soundcantraveloveraverylongdistanceinwater.声音在水中能传播很远。3)noise指人们不愿听到的、不悦耳的“噪音”,如嘈杂声、喧哗声、吵闹声等。Fatherissleeping.Don’tmakesomuchnoise.爸爸在睡觉,别这么大声吵闹。单项选择“Whoisknockingonthedoor?”,themanintheroomaskedinatired_____.A.voiceB.noiseC.soundD.style5.breakv.打破;打碎,其过去式为:broke。Hebrokehisglassesyesterday.昨天他打碎了他的眼镜。Abreakv.打破记录Theyounggirlbroketheworldrecord.这位年轻女孩打破了世界纪录。breakv.违背;违反,后面常接rule,law,word等词。Jackalwaysbreakstheschoolrules.杰克总是违反校规。单项选择_____theclassrules,please.A.NotbreakB.Isn’tbreakC.Don’tbreakD.Doesn’tbreak6.receivev.收到;接受receivealetterfrom…=getaletterfrom…=hearfrom…收到某人的来信Ireceivedaletterfrommysisterlastweek.=Igotaletterfrommysisterlastweek.=Iheardfrommysisterlastweek.上周我收到了我姐姐的一封来信。辨析:receive和acceptreceive强调“收到”;而accept强调“接受”。Ireceivedsomemoneyonmybirthday,butIdidn’tacceptit.在我生日时到受到了一些钱,但我没有接受。单项选择Isentyoualetterlastweek.Haveyou_____ityet?A.givenB.takenC.receivedD.acceptedCC7.costv.价值(若干);花(多少钱)Themealcostthem200yuan.这顿饭花了他们200元。辨析:cost,spend,pay和take这三个词都可以花费“金钱”,但具体用法不同。cost其主语是物,主要用于sth.costssb.somemoney,意为“某物花费某人多少钱”。Thesofacostme80yuan.这个沙发花了我80元。Ispent80yuanonthesofa./inbuyingthesofa.我在(买)这个沙发上花了80元。Ipaid80yuanforthesofa.我为这个沙发花了80元。此三句可以进行句型转换。spend其主语一般是人,主要用于sb.spendssomemoneyon/in(doing)sth.意为“某人在(做)某事物上花费多少金钱”。pay其主语一般是人,后接钱,主要用于sb.payssomemoneyforsth.意为“某人为某物花了多少钱”。take常用于Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.句型中,即:做某事花费某人多少时间。Ittookmetwohourstomakethekite.制作这个风筝花了我两小时。单项选择(2009·四川成都)—Areyourshoesexpensive?—No,Ionly____fivedollarsonthem.A.usedB.costC.spent8.insteadadv.代替;而不是,位于句首或句尾,位于句首时后面一般用逗号隔开。CSheneverstudiesonweekends.Instead,sheplaystennis.她周末从不学习而是打网球。Ifyoucan’tgo,lethimgoinstead.如果你不能去,让他替你去吧。insteadof代替;而不是,是短语介词,后面跟名词、代词、动词的-ing形式等。Theyridebikesinsteadoftakingabus.他们骑自行车去学校,而不乘公共汽车。单项选择OurEnglishteacher,MissGao,wasill.SoMrLigaveusalesson____her.A.insteadB.insteadofC.insteadonD.insteadfor9.suggestv.建议;提议,是及物动词。其后可以接以下三种成分:suggest后可以接名词作宾语。Wesuggestavisittothemuseumtomorrow.我们建议明天去参观博物馆。suggest后可以接动词的-ing形式作宾语。Isuggestgoingforawalk.我建议去散步。suggest后可以接that宾语从句,从句中的谓语动词多由should加动词原形构成,should可省去。Thedoctorsuggestedthatshe(should)comeanotherday.医生建议她改天再来。Bsuggestionn.建议;提议,作可数名词。Doyouhaveanysuggestions?你有什么建议吗?单项选择Wesuggestthatshe_____thedoctor’sadvice.A.takeB.takesC.tookD.taking10.besidesprep.而且;除……之外Theywillgotherebesidesyou.除你之外,他们也要去那儿。辨析:besides和except1)besides除……之外,还有……Besidesmathhomework,youshouldhandinyourEnglishhomework.除了数学作业,你还要把英语作业交上。2)except除……之外都……,即except后的人或物被排除在外,不与大多数一致。I’mfreeexcepttoday.除了今天,我随时都有空。单项选择(2009·山东青岛)—Whatisyourhobby?—_______collectingballs,IalsolikedifferentkindsofCDs.A.BesidesB.ExceptC.BesideD.AboutAA短语1.not______all一点也不2.turn______把……调低;关小3.______away立刻;马上4.______inline排队等候5._______inline插队6.at______首先7._____…down控制;抑制8.______care=be______=look______当心;小心9.______therule违反规则10.put_______扑灭;熄灭;关灯11._____…up捡起12.fall______入睡13.give______赠送;分发14._______than而不是15.make_______取得进步;取得进展16._______of听说17.takean______in对……感兴趣18.makefriends______与……交友atdownrightwaitcutfirstkeeptakecarefuloutbreakoutpickasleepawayratherprogresshearinterestwith完成句子1.你介意把音乐调低一点吗?Wouldyoumind_____________themusic?2.你介意不从这儿打棒球吗?Wouldyoumind____________baseballhere?3.即使你和朋友在一起,在公共场合最好也要控制说话的声音。Evenifyouarewithyourf