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Directspeech直接引语和间接引语&indirectspeech注意以下几点•概念•引导词和语序•时态变化•人称变化•状语变化•特殊句式引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一.原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号内,这叫直接引语(Directspeech);Theboysaid,“IcanspeakEnglishverywell.”二.用自己的话加以转述,这叫间接引语(Indirectspeech).MarysaidthatTomhadworkedtherebefore.that引导的宾语从句Janesaidthatshewasveryfondoftraveling.陈述句Janesaid,“I’mveryfondoftraveling.”1.引导词和语序whether/if引导的宾语从句JohnaskedMaryifthatwasherumbrella.一般疑问句“Isthisyourumbrella,Mary?”askedJohn.wh-词（疑问词）引导的宾语从句JohnaskedMarywhenshewouldreturnhimthebook.特殊疑问句JohnaskedMary“Whenwillyoureturnmethebook?”.2.时态的变化Sheoftensaysthatallmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.主句动词为一般现在时时从句动词时态不变Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”一般现在时改为一般过去时Hesaid:“Iknowit.”.Hesaidthatheknewit.主句动词为一般过去时，时态做相应变化现在进行时改为过去进行时“I’mmakingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.Shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall.主句动词为一般过去时，时态做相应变化现在完成时改为过去完成时Hesaid“Ihaveseenherbefore.”.Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.主句动词为一般过去时，时态做相应变化一般过去时改为过去完成时“Isawheryesterday,”hesaid.Hesaidhehadseenherthedaybefore.主句动词为一般过去时，时态做相应变化过去完成时仍然为过去完成时Jacksaid:“Rickhadbeenillinbedformanydays.”.JacksaidifthatRickhadbeenillinbedformanydays.主句动词为一般过去时，时态做相应变化一般将来时改为过去将来时Hesaid:“Weshallstarttomorrow.”Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday.主句动词为一般过去时，时态做相应变化如何变时态：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般将来时现在进行时一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时例如：1)Shesaid.“Ihavelostapen.”→Shesaidshehadlostapen.2)Shesaid.“Wehopeso.”→Shesaidtheyhopedso.3)Shesaid.“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:1.不变的真理Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”→Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.2.直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的,习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的,变间接引语时,时态保持不变。Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”→Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.3.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时,时态不变。XiaoWangsaid.“IwasbornonApril2l,1980.”→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.4.若直接引语中含有when,since,while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句,变间接引语时,从句时态不变。如：Shesaid,“IwenttherewhenIwassixyearsold.”→Shesaidshehadgonetherewhenshewassixyearsold.5.若直接引语的谓语中含有would,should,might,must,hadbetter等情态动词时。如：Shesaid,“Weshouldhelpeachother.”→Shesaidweshouldhelpeachother.一随主，二随宾，三不变Hesaid,“Idon’tlikejunkfood.”Hesaidhedidn’tlikejunkfood.ShesaidtoJim:“Youwillgiveaspeechtomorrow.”ShetoldJimhewouldgiveaspeechthenextday.Hesaidtoher:“Tomcanhelpyou.”HetoldherTomcouldhelpher.3.人称变化4.状语变化：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”例:now变为then,yesterday变为thedaybefore,today变为thatday。地点状语,尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此”改为“彼”(例:this改为that),如：Hesaid,Thesebooksaremine.→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化直接引语间接引语thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthatthosethenbeforethatdaythenext/followingday直接引语间接引语thedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaycomehereintwodays’timethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforegothere5.特殊句式的直接引语和间接引语祈使句如果祈使句是表示请求，间接引语的动词常用ask，如果是表示命令，间接引语的动词常用tell,order,commandsb.todosth.等。不定式Theofficerorderedhimnottoleavehispost.祈使句Theofficersaidtohim,“Don’tleaveyourpost.”that引导的宾语从句Isuggestedhimthatwe(should)startatonce.Isuggestedstartingatonce.Let’s开头的祈使句变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词（或从句）。”Isaidtohim,“Let’sstartatonce.”that/what/how引导的宾语从句Hesaidthathewasveryhappy.Hesaidhowhappyhewas.感叹句Hesaid:“HowhappyIam!”例如:1.Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime.”→ThemotheraskedTomtogetupearly.2.Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”→Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.1.“Ilikereadingadventurestories,”saidJohn.Johnsaidthathelikedreadingadventurestories.2.“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriend.Sarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.ExerciseI3.“Ann,haveyouseenmybluenotebook?”Peterasked.PeteraskedAnnifshehadseenhisbluenotebook.4.“Howcanyoudothat?”MarysaidtoAnn.MaryaskedAnnhowshecoulddothat.5.“Whatdifferencedoesitmake?”PeteraskedJim.PeteraskedJimwhatdifferenceitmade.1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat___worried___.A.helooks…todayB.youlook…todayC.welooked…thatdayD.Ilooked…thatdayExerciseII2.Wesaidtoher,“They’rewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat___throughthestreet___.A.wewerewalking…thenB.youarewalking…nowC.theywerewalking…thenD.theywalking…now3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat__alongway__.A.Ihadwalked…lastweekB.hehadwalked…thatweekC.Iwalked…lastweekD.hehaswalked…thisweek4.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat__takeitback____.A.Ishall…tomorrowB.Ishall…thenextdayC.heshould…tomorrowD.hewould…thenextday5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus____afraidtoleave_____house.A.thatwerewe…thisB.thatwewere…thatC.ifwerewe…thisD.ifwewere…that6.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked____about_____.A.thatheheard…aweekagoB.whathehadheard…theweekbeforeC.whathehadherd…aweekagoD.ifheheard…theweekago7.Sheasked,“Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse____breakinto_____.A.willhe…nexttimeB.wouldhe…thenexttimeC.hewould…thenexttimeD.hewill…nexttime8.Jacksaidtoher,“Wheredoyouspendyourholidays?”Jackaskedherwhere____holidays.A.shespentherB.youspendyourC.shespendherD.youspentyour9.Blackaskedme,“Whyhav