过去分词用法详解

I.基本形式和意义动词的-ed形式，即传统语法所指的“过去分词”。它是动词的一种非限定形式。动词的-ed形式兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。动词的-ed形式和宾语或状语一起构成-ed分词短语.动词-ed形式的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。(1)Theyfoundadamagedcaratthegateofthepark.(2)Iboughtsomepaintedchairs.(3)Helivesinthehousebuiltbyhisfather.(4)HaveyoureadthisbookwrittenbyLuXun？1.单个的过去分词作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；过去分词短语作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。(1)Heisoneofthoseinvited.(2)Nothingreported(inthenewspaper)interestedhim.(3)Hewantedtointerviewsomeonerelatedtothematter.2.过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。abrokenheartalostdogarisensunanorganizedtripabrokenglass一颗破碎的心丧家之犬已升起的太阳一次有组织的旅行一个破玻璃杯Practice:pleaseanalyzethefunctionsofthepastparticiples在既定的时间内用所给的单词被通缉的人被聘工人关切的神情有关人士inthegiventimewiththewordsgivenawantedpersonworkerswantedaconcernedlookthepeopleconcerned{{{boilingwater=waterthatisboilingboiledwater=waterthathasboiled正在沸腾的水已经沸腾过的水pollutedwaterprintedarticles已经被污染的水已经被打印的文章4.现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作；不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示一个已完成的动作；只有及物动词的过去分词才表示一个完成且被动的动作。退休工人逃犯归国留学生Comparethefollowings:(正在变化的)(变化了的)(正在凋谢的)(已经凋谢了的)(发展的)(发达的)(正在飘落的)(已经飘落了的)thechangingworldthechangedworldfadingflowersfadedflowersfallingleavesfallenleavesadevelopingcountryadevelopedcountryretiredworkersanescapedprisonerreturnedstudentse.g.Ihavemuchworktodo.Thebuildingtobefinishedattheendofthisyearwillbeourlabbuilding.Thebirdsinginginthetreeisverybeautiful.Didyouseetheboybeingquestionedbythepolice?5.todotobedonedoingbeingdone表示一个将来的动作表示一个正在进行的被动动作表示一个将来的被动动作表示一个正在进行的主动动作﹡﹡Thedifferences(usedasAttribute)•Iknowthepeoplebuildingthehousethere.•Thehousebeingbuiltoverthereisashop.•Thehousebuiltoverthereisashop.(主动、进行）(被动、进行)(被动、完成）Exercises1.Therepairscostalot,butit’smoneywell.（05’HB）A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spending2.Theprizeofthegameshowis＄30,000andanallexpenses_____vacationtoChina.(05’BJ)A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid3.Thedisc,digitally___inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.(04’SH)A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded4.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningcompany,___as3M.(04’ZJ)A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknownBBAB1.-ing作表语与-ed作表语的区别Theresultofthetestisdisappointing.Ifeeldisappointedintheresultofthetest.{Whatasurprisingresult!Iamsurprisedatwhathesaid.{Conclusion:现在分词表示主动的意义，常指事物；过去分词表示被动的意义，常指人。Fillintheblankswiththerightform.1.Ihadnothingtodo.Iwas______(bore)andlonely.2.Jacklookedevenmore_________(amaze)thanhefelt.3.Theresultswerevery______________(disappoint).4.Iwasthankedbythe__________(satisfy)customer.amazedboreddisappointingsatisfiedThewindowisbroken.Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.Conclusion:be+过去分词，如果表示动作的完成和状态是系表结构，此时它相当于一个形容词；如果表示被动的动作是被动语态，此时主语为动作的承受者,后常跟by短语。2.过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别Compare:{（1）完全形容词化了的动词-ed形式：可以被very等副词修饰，可以有比较级等级形式。常见的有常见的有：bored,disappointed,excited,frightened,interested,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,surprised,tired,worried等。（2）有的动词-ed形式可以被副词well修饰，如：built,cooked,done,dressed,known,prepared,written等。（3）其它副词也可以修饰动词-ed形式，如：deeplymoved,highlydeveloped,heavily--populated等。3.注意事项4.动词-ed形式作表语时，其后可以接介词短语、不定式短语及that引导的宾语从句。e.g.:Heisverymuchdisappointedattheresult.Themotherwaspleasedtohearfromherson.I’msatisfiedthatyoudidn’ttellmealie.1.Aswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igot___frommyfriends.(03’NMET)A.separatedB.sparedC．lostD.missed2.Idon’tknowtherestaurant，butitis____tobequiteagoodone.(03’NMET)A.saidB.toldC.spokenD.talked3.Theyoungmanseemstobe_____inlaw．A.interestingB.interestedC.interestD.beinginterested4.Haveyoureadthenewsintoday'snewspaper？Thisnewssounds_____.(00’NMET）A.encouragingB.encouragedC.encourageD.toencourage5.----Shallwegoswimming?----OK.I’lljustgoandget_____.A.changedB.tochangeC.tobechangedD.changingExercises:AABAAStepⅢusedasObjectComplement1.及物动词的过去分词作宾补表示一个完成且被动的动作;不及物动词的过去分词作宾补只表示动作的完成和状态。Whenhearrived,hefoundalltheworkfinished.Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.2.现在分词作宾补表示一个主动或正在进行的动作;现在分词的被动式作宾补表示一个正在进行的被动动作。Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Isawthechildbeingbeatenbyhisfather.Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.Withalltheworkfinished,hewentback.（1）让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做（2）遭受某种损失或某种不愿要的结果1.havesthdoneYesterdayshehadherwalletstolen.Theoldmanhadhislegbrokenintheaccident.2.介词with＋宾语＋过去分词Thevillagershadmanytreesplantedjustthen.Ihavehadmybikerepaired.ATTENTION﹡﹡Exercises:1.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit____oftenenough.(05’Tianjin）A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained2.Helenhadtoshout____abovethesoundofthemusic.(04’NMET)A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makeherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard3.Ifyouwant_____immediately,youhavetogiveussomemoneyinadvance.A.thattheworkbedoneB.theworkdoneC.tohavedonethejobD.thejobthatisdoneDDB4.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_____inthekitchen.(NMET2003)A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked5.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.(1999NMET)A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutBC1.作时间状语Toldofhismother’saccident,Jackphonedthehospital.TranslatedintoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveadifferentwordorder.Whenaskedtospeak,hecomplainedaboutthepoorservice.2.作原因状语Caughtintherain,hehadafev