电机学

电电机机学学ElectricalMachineryTheoryElectricalMachineryTheory©©2004CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2004CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity章玮博士浙江大学电机及其控制研究所©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论电机的定义电机：与电能有关的能量转换机械，是实现电能的生产、变换、传输、分配、使用和控制的电磁机械装置。©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论绪论－电能的生产、传输和分配©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论绪论－驱动生产机械和装备™拖动生产机械如金属切削、矿山机械、交通运输机械、起重机械、化工机械、农用机械、电动工具、家用电器等；™构成控制系统和智能化装置的重要元件©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论电机应用©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论电气传动的定义交流传动占有主要部分©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论电气传动的分类控制对象控制目标电机类型直流传动交流传动速度控制位置控制恒转矩负载恒功率负载通风机型负载转矩控制简单分一下吧©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论目标：节能、高效发展包括：控制器件、电机本体、控制策略电气传动的现状和发展©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论功率器件©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论电机的发展来看一下©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论基本控制方法基本控制方法•Scalarcontrol•VectorControl•Scalarcontrol•VectorControl基本调节算法基本调节算法•PID•Deadbeat•Statefeedback•Fuzzylogic•Neuralnetworks•PID•Deadbeat•Statefeedback•Fuzzylogic•Neuralnetworks控制方法©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论控制电路调压器交－直－交变频器交－交变频器矩阵式交－交变频器©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论数字控制框图©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论交流调速的发展¾高性能的智能控制变频器¾各种传感器的研究发展¾针对功率因数提高和谐波污染的研究¾大功率、高压变频器¾双馈系统的发展¾电机、控制系统一体化的发展©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论电机的分类电机变压器直线电机旋转电机电动机发电机异步电机同步电机电动机发电机自动控制系统中的执行元件、检测元件直流电机交流电机电动机发电机动力类控制类©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论直流电动机交流电动机电动机励磁直流电机：他励、串励、复励永磁直流电机异步电动机同步电动机鼠笼式绕线式普通同步电机：励磁、永磁无换向器电机磁阻电机©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论绪论－课程性质定位：十分重要的专业基础课目标：（1）分析电机运行的基本原理（2）分析直流电机、交流电机、变压器和一些控制电机的运行性能©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论绪论－课程内容课程内容：™直流电机：结构、绕组、性能；™变压器：等效电路；™交流电机绕组、电势和磁势；™异步电机：结构，特性、调速™同步电机：结构、性能©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论绪论－基本知识电学、磁学和动力学原理的综合运用™直流和交流电路分析原理™磁路定律™电磁关系™电、磁和力的关系™力学定律™能量转换和守恒定律™材料的特性©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论绪论－基本名词•电流、电压、电阻；•磁通φ、磁场密度B、磁场强度H、磁动势F；•磁阻、磁导；•磁滞、涡流；©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论绪论－电路分析RIU⋅=∑=0iu∑=0iiRIU⋅=交、直流电路分析™欧姆定律：™基尔霍夫定律©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论绪论－磁路分析FRFSlFmmΛ===/μφ∑⋅=iNFi∑=0iφ™磁路欧姆定律：™基尔霍夫定律©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论绪论－电磁定律™电磁感应定律™全电流定律：∫∑=⋅liIdlHdtdNdtdeφψ−=−=vlBe⋅⋅=©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论绪论－电、磁和力的关系右手定则：导体在磁场中运动产生电势.eBvBfi左手定则：载流导体在磁场中受到的电磁力。©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论绪论－力学定律™直线运动和旋转运动的动力学定律rFM⋅=力和力矩的关系：旋转运动：∑=dtωdJM©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论绪论－能量守恒™输入能量＝输出能量＋损耗＋储备©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论绪论－材料特性™导电性、导磁性™磁化曲线、磁滞现象HB0•上升曲线和下降曲线不重合•剩磁、矫顽力H/m104-70×=πμ真空的磁导率：0/μμμ=r相对磁导率：©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论绪论－材料特性™饱和性™磁滞损耗、涡流损耗B＝f（H）HBμ＝f（H）02,≈⋅∝ααmnBfp1.6~1.2,2=⋅∝ββmFeBfp©©2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,2005CollegeofElectricalEngineering,ZhejiangZhejiangUniversityUniversity电机学－绪论电机学－绪论绪论－学习方法™综合性各种规律同时作用、多个物理量互相影响。™实