科技英语翻译：what从句定语从句

3.Thewhat-clause(1)commoncasea.“What”belongstoaninterrogativepronoun：什么/怎么样/多大（尺寸，大小，数值等）e.g.●ItisnecessarytofindwhatforcewillbeexertedonchargeA.必须求出多大的力将作用在电荷A上。●ThepurposeistodetermineforwhatvalueofRLthisPLismaximum.目的在于确定RL为什么值时这个PL为最大。b.“what”belongstoacompoundrelativepronoun代表…“的”事；话；内容；东西；方向；情况；原因等WhatIhavesaid/dealtwith/covered/described/presented/treated:我所讲述的内容…e.g.●Thisdeviceiswhatweneed.译文:这个设备正是我们所需要的。●Therelativevelocitybetweenthetwoiswhatmakesthedifference.译文:这两者之间的相对速度就是造成这种差别的原因。●Whatwehaveis4Ωand12Ωinparallel.译文:我们得到的是4欧姆和12欧姆相并联。Whatarefrigeratordoesisremoveheatfromspecificregionandtransportitelsewhere.译文:冰箱的功能是把某一特定区域的热量移走而把它输送到别的地方。●Inthiscasethemagneticmoment(磁矩)ofanelectronwoulddifferslightlyfromwhatitwouldbeinaperfectvacuum.译文:在这种情况下，电子的磁矩与在真空中的磁矩稍有不同。●Whatiswellknownisthatlightisakindofelectromagneticwave.译文:众所周知，光是一种电磁波。(2)Afewspecialpatternsa.Whatiscalled/termed/named/describedas/knownas/referredtoas/spokenofas/+n.(complement)—所谓的…，人们所说的…b.Inwhatistofollow/Inwhatfollows=Inallthatfollows=Inthefollowinge.g.●Inwhatistofollow,weacquaintourselveswithsomebasicconcepts.译文:下面我们要熟悉一些基本概念。●Inwhatfollowswewillstudywhicheverprocessisthemostconvenienttoanalyze.译文:下面我们将研究最便于分析的那种过程。c.Inthewhat-clause,ifwecanfindapredicative,wejusttranslatethepredicativee.g.●Einsteinworkedoutwhatisprobablythemostimportantequationinthehistoryofmathematics.译文:爱因斯坦解出了也许是数学史上最重要的方程式。●Afterwhatseemedalongtime,thevoicesmovedfartotheright.译文:在似乎过了很长时间以后，声音传到了右边远方。●Ascientificlawismerelyastatementofwhatwebelievetobetrue.译文:科学定律只是对我们认为真理的（正确的）描述。d.Whatitis(was)/Whattheyare(were)---tostresse.g.●Theresearchinstituteisquitedifferentfromwhatitwasfiveyearsago.译文:这个研究所跟五年前大不一样。●Afterachemicalchange,asubstanceischangedtosomethingdifferentfromwhatitwas.译文:物质经过了化学变化就变成了与原来不同的某种东西了。●Theoutputoffoundries(铸造业)intheUKshranktoone-thirdofwhattheindustrywasadecadeago.译文:英国的铸造业产量减少到10年前的三分之一。1Itisnecessarytoknowwhatunitsareusedformeasuringthequantityofheat.2Thisbooktellsthereaderwhatelectriccircuitsareandwhatwedowithit.3Thisbackemfiswhatopposesthecurrent.4Forceiswhatmakesbodiesmove.5Whatthischapterdescribesisextremelyimportant.6Ingeneral,whatweseeisreflectedlight.7Thisconceptwillbeintroducedinwhattheauthorhopesisaclearandconcisemanner.8Atthattime,themercurybecamewhatisnowreferredtoasasuperconductor.9Whatwecalltheweightofabodyisreallytheattractiveforcewhichtheearthexertsonthebody.10Thecurrentinthisbranchhasbecome10timeswhatitwas.IV.Relativeclauses1.ConnectivesRelativepronouns:that/which/who/whose/as/but=which,who,that~notRelativeadverbs:where/why/when/as/whence/whereby/wherein/whereone.g.●Thereisnotasinglesubstancebuthasresistancetotheflowofelectrons.没有哪一种物质对电子的流动是没有阻力的。任何物质对于电子的流动都有阻力。●Thespecimen(样品)isintheformofaringonwhosesurfacethewireiswound.样品的形式是在其表面上绕有导线的一个环。●Intheelectrontube,thenegativeelectrodeisheatedtothepointwhereitemitselectrons.在电子管中，负电极被加热到使它发射电子的程度。●Theseequationsarespecialcaseswherex0andt0arebothzero.译文:这些式子是x0和t0均为零的特殊情况。●Theloadistheplacewherethesignalleavesacircuit.译文:负载就是信号离开电路的地方。●Thecirculatorysystemisthesystemwherebybloodispumpedtoallthebodytissues.译文:血液循环系统是把血液输送到一切人体组织去的系统。2.“that”and“which”canbeexchangedonmanyoccasions.Onthefollowingoccasions“that”cannotbereplacedby“which”:(1)Whentheantecedentis:all,everything,nothing,something,anythingAllthatoneshoulddoistoadjusttheresistance.译文:人们所应做的就是调整一个电阻。(2)Theantecedentismodifiedby“only,no,very”or“ordinalnumbers”Thefirstthingthatwillbedoneisto…(3)TheantecedentismodifiedbythesuperlativedegreeofadjectivesComputersarethemostefficientassistantsthatmanhaseverhad.译文:计算机是人类所曾有过的效率最高的助手。3.Occasionswhenaconnectivemaybeomitted(1)Whentheconnectiveactsasanobjectinthesub-clausee.g.●Theamountofgravitationalpullabodyproducesdependsontheamountofmaterialinit.译文:一个物体产生的万有引力的大小取决于它所含物质的多少。(2)Whentheconnectiveactsasaprepositionalobjectwiththeprepositionattheendofthesub-clausee.g.●Ironisoneofthemetalswearefamiliarwith.译文:铁是我们最熟悉的金属之一。●Theinstrumentwemeasureabody’stemperaturewithiscalledathermometer.译文:我们用来测体温的器具称为温度计。(3)Afterthefollowingnounsthetime(moment/instant/day)/thereason/theway/thedirection/thedistance/thenumberoftimes/theamounte.g.●Thesevectors(矢量)arenotadded(in)thewaynumbersareadded.这些矢量的相加方法不同于数字相加的方法。●Thereason(why/forwhich/that)thisiscalledcurrentfeedbackisthattheamountofcurrentflowingthroughRsdeterminesthepercentageoffeedback.把这种情况称为电流反馈的理由在于流过Rs的电流大小确定了反馈的百分数。4.Relativeclausebeginningwith“ofwhich”(1)(“of”isrelatedtosomeadjectivesorverbs)becapableof/bemadeof/berepresentativeof/bemadeupof/bedescriptiveof/becomposedof/besymptomaticof/consistofe.g.●Theresistanceofaconductoralsodependsuponthematerialofwhichitiscomposed.导体的电阻还取决于构成导体的材料。(2)“ofwhich”actsasanattributeinthesub-clause—modifyingthesubject,objectorpredicative.Whenitmodifiessubjectofthesub-clause,itmeans“其中”。5.“which”introducesanon-restrictiverelativeclausethatmodifiesthewholesentence(orapartofit)before(1)“which”mod