挡不住的趋势_地研院计算机应用回顾与网络技术的发展

416200511GEOLOGYANDPROSPECTINGVo.l41No.6November,2005[]2005-07-05;[]2005-08-20;[][](1944-),,1970,,,康健(北京矿产地质研究院,北京100012)[]北京矿产地质研究院是有色金属行业应用计算机较早的单位,30年来从国产中型计算机到现今完善的计算机网络系统,完成了大量的科研项目并取得了不少有价值的计算机应用成果与效益更由于网络技术的发展与普及,使地研院的科研与勘查管理与经营的层次与水平得到了有效的提高,文章结合地研院计算机应用发展过程的角度阐述现代计算机网络的基础概念与应用发展[]计算机应用网络硬件软件[]TP33[]A[]0495-5331(2005)06-0095-070前言,,,,,2070,()()(DJS-6),301回顾地研院的计算机应用319751985,(DJS-6)1986~1999,DECVAX7802000,,11第一阶段:没有操作系统的计算机,1975DJS-6CPU5048,32K,160K,,200m2,,Algol-60Fortran-77Basic,,215,12第二阶段:集中管理的计算机70,,PC,CPU,,,,,,1985DECVAX11-78095,CPU1.06MBety6MBety1.45G(),20-30,,,80,,,CPU,DOS,Netware,,PC,VAX,,VAX,,Modem()PSTN(),80,PCPSTN,,PSTN,,1969,InternetARPA,,13第三阶段:网络应用80,PC,PC,PC,PCPC,,PCPC,,PSTN,PC,1bps()bpsbps:PC,,/,,,,,,ISO1984OSI,90,1993,,Internet,Internet199619972(Internet2)(NextGenerationInternet),20,,,,962005,2002Dell4600,,,2地研院网络应用与发展,,,,21网络构成,10Mbps,,,WebFtp,,,22网络应用:;,;,,,;B/S,,GISGPS,,,,,,(VPN)(),,,,,,,3计算机网络概述,3:31数据通信,,,32资源共享,();;,,,,33分布处理,,,,;,,,,,,,976:-,4计算机网络的分类41从小到大局域网城域网广域网因特网,,(LAN,Localareanetwork)(MAN,Metropolitanareanetwork)(WAN,Wideareanetwork)(Internet)LAN,MAN,WAN,(LAN)(WAN),,Internet(router)()(),:InternetADSL,42地位不同基于服务器的网络和对等网络,,,,(PeertoPeerLAN),,,LAN,10,,,,,,,BS,,,BS,/(Client/Server),C/SInternet,/(Browser/Server),B/S,Internet,,C/SB/S5网络硬件组成,?;;,;,,,5100m100MBps1GMBps10GMbps,,,,,,51服务提供者服务器(Server),,CD-ROMInternetWebFTPInternet(),Web,,,,982005,,?,(MS-Windows2000server),/;,?,,,,Dell4600CPU,436GB100/1000MRIAD5,,52客户使用者工作站(Workstation),,Internet,Internet,InternetPC,Windows53计算机的关卡网卡(NIC,NetworkInterfaceCard),,(Ethernet),3COMPCMCIAPCI,PC:(1)(NIC)(),,,PC(CPU);(2)PC,PCI32,,10MBps10GBps100Mbps,1000Mbps,,54模拟信号-数字信号调制解调器ModemModem,Internet,,,;,,,56Kbpsbps(),,,,55ADSL接入ADSL,ADSL,,()640kbps8Mbps,,(4kHz)ADSLDMT(),0Hz11MHz2564.3kHz,4kHzPOTS(),20kHz138kHz,138kHz11MHzDMT,,,,,ADSL640kbps8Mbps,,,ADSL,,996:-56信号的加油站中继器和交换机,,,,,(Repeater),,;,,,:;,;57网络间的关卡网桥路由器和网关(Bridge),,,,,,,,(Router),,,,(Gateway),58信号的通道传输媒体,(),CDMAGPRSInternet,59网络运行的保障不间断电源UPSUPS(UninterruptiblePowerSystem),,,UPS,UPS,,,,,,UPS,UPS,500VA3000kVAUPS,UPS(220V5%)UPS,UPS,UPS,UPS10-15%,UPS,UPS,()UPS,UPS,UPS()UPS,6网络软件组成61用户与网络的纽带网络操作系统(NOS),,,LAN(,),PCLAN,LAN,,NOS1002005,NOS,,,,NOSLANLANNOS,,NOS,NOSNOS,,NOS,NOSNovellNeWtareWindowsNTUNIXLINUXWindowsNTWindows200062网络协议和应用服务软件:IPXTCP/IPNetBEUINWLinkTCP/IPInternet()/,,,MicrosoftExchangeServer/,,,B/S,,,,,,,,,,,,REVIEWOFCOMPUTERAPPLICATIONSANDPROGRESSOFNETWORKTECHNOLOGYINBEIJINGINSTITUTEOFGEOLOGYFORMINERALRESOURCESKANGJian(BeijingInstituteofGeologyforMineralResources,Beijing100012)Abstract:BeijingInstituteofGeologyforMineralResourcesistheearliestoneonusingcomputertechnologyinChinesenon-ferrousmetalindustry.Inthelast30years,wehavefulfilledalargenumberofresearchworksfromworkingwithhome-mademedium-sizecomputertomoderncomputernetworknowadays,andachievedalotofvaluablefruitsandbenefitsincomputerapplications.Thankstothedevelopmentofthecomputernetwork,ourscientificresearch,exploration,administrationandoperationhavebeenraisedtoanewhigherleve.lThispaperintroducesaboutthebasicconceptionsonthemoderncomputernetworkandtheirapplicationsanddevelopmentsbasedonpracticesincomputerapplications.Keywords:computerapplication,network,hardware,software1016:-