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高中英语黄金阅读(高二版)GoldenReadingforSeniorMiddleSchoolStudents十、地理类（1）ThetotalareaoftheUnitedStatesissome9.4millionsquarekilometers,whichmakesitthefourthlargestcountryintheworld.Itsmainlandcoversadistanceofnearly5,000kilometersfromeasttowest,andabout2,500kilometersfromsouthtonorth.SurroundedbythreeoceansandtheGulfofMexico,ithasalongcoastline(海岸线)ofabout20000kilometers,whichmakesitoneofthecountrieswiththelongestcoastlineintheworld.TheUnitedStatesliesinthesouthofNorthAmericaanditssoutherntipreachesthesubtropicalzone(亚热带).Onthenorththecountrysharesmorethan6,000kilometersoflandborderwithCanadawhichrunsapproximately(大约)alongthe49thparallel(纬线)inthewestpartandthenacrossthefourofthefiveGreatLakesbeforeturningtothenortheast.TheborderbetweentheUnitedStatesandCanadaisopenandundefended.ThesouthernlandneighbouroftheUnitedStatesisMexicowithwhichitsharesacommonborderofsome3,000kilometers.ThecoastareaoftheGulfofMexicoisthemostimportantoil-producingregion(地区)intheUnitedStates.TothewestofthemainlandisthePacificacrosswhichtheUnitedStatestrades(贸易)itsproductsforgoodsfromtheFarEast.TotheeastofthecountryliestheAtlanticwhichwitnessed(目睹)largenumbersofEuropeanimmigrants(移民)sailingtotheirAmericancolonies(殖民地).TheAtlanticisstillthemostimportantsearoutefromtheUnitedStatestoEuropeandtheMiddleEast.1.Thispassageismainlyaboutthe_______oftheUnitedStates.A.nameB.sizeandpositionC.populationD.coastline2.TheUnitedStatesis_______.A.thelargestcountryintheworldB.acountrywiththelongestcoastlineC.intheNorthofSouthAmericaD.mainlybetweenthesubtropicalzoneandthe49thparallel3.Themostimportantoil-producingregionoftheUnitedStatesisin_______.[来源:学科网ZXXK]A.thelandborderwithCanadaB.thesouthC.thecoastareaofthePacificD.Mexico4.ThefiveGreatLakesbelongto_______.A.CanadaB.MexicoC.theUnitedStatesD.England5.ThepeopleoftheUnitedStatesweremostlyimmigrantsfrom_______.A.EuropeB.theAtlanticC.theFarEastD.theMiddleEast6.WhichofthedrawingsbelowgivesthecorrectpositionandshapeoftheUnitedStates?(P=Pacific;GM=theGulfofMexico;C=Canada;M=Mexico;A=Atlantic)有图：见《高考英语模拟试题集注》P115页[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K][来源:学科网ZXXK]【答案与解析】本文主要讲了美国的大陆面积以及其优越的地理位置。1.B。主旨题。根据文章内容可知此题选B。2.D。推断题。美国是世界第四大国，故A项错误；由文中第1段最后一句可知是和三大洋以及墨西哥湾一起组成世界最长的海岸线，故B项错误；从第2段第1句TheUnitedStatesliesinthesouthofNorthAmerica…可知C项错误，故答案选D。3.B。推断题。根据Thesouthernlandneighbour…和ThecoastareaoftheGulfofMexicoisthemostimportantoil-producingregion(地区)intheUnitedStates可知墨西哥湾沿海岸是美国最重要的石油产地，故此题答案为B。但不能选D(墨西哥)。4.C。细节题。从文中第2段第2句可知此题选C。5.A。细节题。从…largenumbersofEuropeanimmigrants(移民)sailingtotheirAmericancolonies可知答案为A。6.B。推断题。从文中美国的地理位置“北边是Canada，南边是Mexico”和大陆面积“东西约5000千米，南北约2500千米”可知答案选B。（2）Eclipseofthesun(日食)Beginningaroundtenpasteight,mostpartofourcountrycanseeanannular(环状的)eclipseofthesuntoday.Generally,theumbra(本影)ofthemoondoesnotreachtheearth’ssurface;however,becauseoftheeccentricity(偏心)ofthemoon’sorbit(轨迹)sometimestheumbraofthemoon’sshadowextendstotheearth’ssurface.Thenatotaleclipseofthesuntakesplace.Theobserverwithintheareacoveredbytheumbraseesthedarkcircleofthemooncompletelyhidingthesun’sdisk(日轮).Anannulareclipsehappenswhentheumbraisdirectedtowardtheearthbutitistooshorttoreachit.Withinasmallareaoftheearth’ssurfacethemoonisseenalmostcentrallyprojected(投影)onthediskofthesun,butthemoonappearsslightlythesmallerofthetwo,sothataringofthesun’sdiskremainsuncovered.1.Wecanseeanannulareclipseofthesunabout_______today.A.8:10a.m.B.10:08a.m.C.8:10p.m.D.10:08p.m.2.Thedirectreasonofthesun’stotaleclipseliesinthefactthat_______.A.themoonmovesinaneccentricorbitB.theumbraofthemoongetstotheearth’ssurfaceC.theumbraofthemoondoesnotreachtheearth’ssurfaceD.bothAandB3.Whenanannulareclipseofthesunappears,_______.A.wecanseearing—likethemoonB.thesunissmallerthanthemoonC.apartoftheumbraofthemoonreachestheearth’ssurfaceD.theumbracannotreachtheearthbutitfacestheearthdirectly4.Whenatotaleclipseofthesunhappens_______.A.theobservercanseearing—likesunB.theobservercanseethesun’sroundsurfaceC.theobservercannotseethesunatallD.theobservercanseethesun’sshadowonly5.Whichisthefigure(图)ofanannulareclipseofthesun?(E=theearth;M=themoon;S=thesun)有图：见《高考英语模拟试题集注》P132页(ABDCB)【答案与解析】本文主要说明日食是怎样形成的。1.A。从文中第1句可得知答案为A。2.B。从文中第2段可知日全食的形成的直接原因是有时月球的本影延伸到地球表面，所以答案选B。3.D。从文中第3段第1句可知答案为D(tooshorttoreachit=cannotreachtheearth)。4.C。从第2段最后一句…seesthedarkcircleofthemooncompletelyhidingthesun’sdisk可知月球光环把日轮完全地遮住了，所以此题答案选C(根本看不到太阳)。5.B。根据常识可排除C、D，因为发生日食时，太阳、月球和地球应在同一直线上；虽然A、B两图中的太阳、月球和地球处于同一直线上，但根据Anannulareclipsehappenswhentheumbraisdirectedtowardtheearthbutitistooshorttoreachit可确定答案为B。（3）WhentheFederalgovernmentofAustraliawasformedin1901,nooneknewwhereAustralia’scapitalwouldbe.ThetwocitiesofMelbourneandSydneybothwantedthehonor.Instead,thefoundingfatherschoseforthenewcapitalasite(地点)halfwaybetweenthetwo.ThegovernmentwouldbuildanewcitycalledCanberraasthecountry’scapital.In1911,thegovernmentinvitedtheworld’sleadingarchitects(建筑师)toenterdesignsforCanberrainacontest(比赛).AnAmericanarchitectfromChicagonamedWalterGriffinwon.ThegovernmentdecidedtobuildCanberraaccordingtohisplan.MenstartedworkonCanberrain1913,buttwe