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LectureTwoUsingProperWordsThedifferencebetweentherightwordandthealmost-rightwordisasgreatasthatbetweenlighteningandthelighteningbug．用词准确与用词几乎准确，这两者之间的差异就如闪电与萤火虫之间的差异。”Usingtherightwordattherighttimeisratherlikewearingappropriateclothingfortheoccasion:itisacourtesytoothers,andafavortoyourself-amatterofpresentingyourselfwellintheeyesoftheworld.----TheReader’sDigestA.FormalDictionFormalEnglishisthelanguageofprofessionaljournals,formalspeeches,andmostseriouscollegewriting.“gentlemen”vs.“men”or“guys”.Poor---impoverished;rich---wealthy;clever(smart)---intelligent;car---automobile;TV---television;hard-working---diligent;next-to-last---penultimate;“onthepenultimatedayoftheweek-longmeeting”(在历时一周的会议结束的前一天InformalDictionInformalEnglish---theEnglishwespeakeachday---isfoundinpartsofnovels,shortstories,letters,books,newspapers,articlesforgeneralreadershipandadvertisements.1.ColloquialismsColloquialEnglishoccursincasualspeechanditisperfectlyacceptablewhenyouarespeakingonanybutthemostformaloccasions.Contractions---isn’t,won’t,I’m,he’dShortenedforms---phone,exam,photoPhrases---youknow,ImeanEg.Doingparttimesjobsisterriblybeneficialtocollegestudents.Eg.Thecoparereadyatanytimetoprotectthesecurityofourpropertyandlife.terriblyvery;coppoliceIsawaghost,andIwasfrightenedtodeath.(colloquial)Isawanapparition,anditreducedmetoaconditionofmoralterror.(formal)Slangwordsarehighlyinformal：theymaybevividandinteresting,buttheymay,whenusedinappropriately,makethewriterorspeakersoundoffensive.Onhearingthathisfatherhadkickedthebucket,wewrotehimalettertoexpressoursympathies.FormalvscommonCommon:samespeechlearnedFormal:IdenticalorationeruditeCommon;DestroystifftrypieceFormal:AnnihilaterigidendeavorfragmentunderstandthedifferrenceThecolorfitsyouwell.(X)Thecolorsuitsyouwell.Theseshoesdon’tsuitme..(X)Theseshoesdon’tfitme.fit&suit（适合）（fit：大小尺码合适；suit：看上去体面协调。）搭配上的不同Consist,compose,constitute,makeupSure,certainIamsurethatIcanbenefitalotfromdoingtemporaryjobsinmyfreetime.Itiscertainthatsocialknowledgeisindispensableforacollegestudenttoadapttothesociety.Spread,scatterOccur,happen,takeplaceDeprive,rob,denyElect,vote,select,pickup,chooseDisturb,interfereFocus,concentrateEstimate,predictInvolve,include,containSurvive,exist,liveOffer,provide,supplyVary,change,shift,alter,convertSuspect,doubtConvince,persuade,dissuadeDamage,injure,harm,hurtAffect,influenceWait,expect,anticipate,lookforwardtoCreate,invent,make,manufacture,discoverRise,arise,raise,arouseVocational,professionalScarce,rareAlive,live,lively,livingTense,nervousAncient,oldEconomic,economicalHistoric,historicalLate,later,latter,latestSingle,individualPriceless,valuable,precious,treasuredConsiderate,considerableSensitive,sensible,sensory,sentimental,sensationalImaginable,imaginary,imaginativeRespective,respectable,respectful,respectedGeneral&specificInmyhometowninspring,theweatherisverybad.Inmyhometowninspring,thewindmayblowalldaylongandtheairisfilledwithdustwhichsometimesshutsoutthesun.Itgoesintoyoureyes,yourears,yournostrils(鼻孔）,andyourhair,andpenetratesthroughtheclosedwindows.（withthehelpofdetails）General:Itisabeautifulpark.Specific:Withstreamsandpondsshadedbywillowsandbamboos,andsmall,elegantly-furnishedcottagesbehindpilesofrocks,theparkisquietevenwhentherearemanyvisitorsinit,andcoolwhenitishotsummeroutside.agoodmankind,honest,just,generous,sympathetic,selfless,brave,honorable,sincere,just,generous,enthusiastic,warm-hearted,friendlygoodfoodtasty,delicious,nourishing,rich,fresh,appetizing,abundanthousemansion,villa,chateau(城堡）,cottage,bungalow（有游廊的平房）,cabin（简陋的小屋）,hut（小屋，棚屋）shack（做某种用途的小屋）,shanty（贫民窟）,shed（关动物的小屋，棚）,barn（谷仓）laughsmile,beam（微笑）,snigger(snicker,窃笑），titter（嗤嗤地笑），chuckle(抿嘴轻声笑，），chortle（哈哈大笑），grin（露齿而笑）,giggle（咯咯地笑，傻笑）,guffaw(哄笑，狂笑）,改善，提高1.Nowthingsare______（好转）。Lookingup2.Computershave_____(改善我们的生活）。Madelifebetterforus.3.Iwill_____（强化，提高）myEnglishbeforeIgotoAmerica.brush,polish4.Johnsaysheisgoingto_____(把旧车整新一下）oldcar.doup/havehisoldcardoneup5.Thecompany_____(不断壮大)sinceitwasestablishedtenyearsago.hasgonefromstrengthfromstrength6.Thereisagreat__(比以前大有进步)yourpreviouswork.Improvementover7.Thisisanopportunityto_____(提升公司声誉)thereputationofthecompany.promote高兴的Don’taskhernowuntilheis____（心情好）。inagoodmoodWehadavery____(愉快会谈)onthetrain.CheerfulchatDon’ttake______(幸灾乐祸)inother’smisfortunedelightMysonsoon____(高兴起来)whenIofferedtotakehimeatoutside.CheeredupHeislookingvery_____(沾沾自喜).pleasedwithone’sselfShewas____(非常高兴)whensheannouncedherengagement.AllsmilesEveryonewas_____andthepartywasagreatsuccess.Inhighspirit重要的,主要的，有影响的1.Thejob____(对他很重要）.Meansalottohim.2Hisfamily____(对他很重要).Meanseverything/iseverything3.Itwasa__________(生命中的重要时刻)Historicmomentinhislife.4.Hisexperiencereally_____(重要)Counts5.____________(我们主要关心的是)isthesafetyofthechildren.Ourprimaryconcern6.Our______(主要关心的是)istopassTEM-4.toppriority7.Changingschool______(对我的一生有重大影响).madegreatdifferencetome8.Heropinion__________(对老板有很大的影响)。CarriesgreatweightwiththebossDoingthisjobmakesmefeelveryhappyallthetime(Chinglish:word-to-wordtranslation)