构词法助记单词

构词法助记单词牛津版高二Module7Unit4构词法１合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“－”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。如：man-madeup-to-dateblackboardbedroombusstoppostoffice２转化由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。如：⑴hand（n.）→hand（v.）Let’sgohandinhand.Pleasehandinyourexercisebooksafterclass.⑵clean（adj.）→hand（v.）Herroomiscleanandtidy.Shecleansherroomeveryday.⑶taste（v.）→taste（n.）Ittastesgood.Ithasnotmuchtaste.independenceindependenceprefix(前缀)root(词根)suffix(后缀)Prefix:agroupoflettersthatisaddedtothebeginningofawordtochangeitsmeaning.Suffix:aletteroragroupoflettersaddedtotheendofawordtomakeadifferentword.３派生由一个词根加上前缀和（或）后缀构成另一个词。如：⑴前缀dis-agree同意disagree不同意cover覆盖discover发现kilo-metre米kilometre千米gramme克kilogramme千克un-fair公平的unfair不公平的limited有限的unlimited无限的⑵后缀-ableaccept接受acceptable可接受的suit合适suitable合适的-tion／-ationcollect收集collection收集translate翻译translation翻译-erfarm农场farmer农民village村庄villager村民NewWords（Ⅰ）ofM7U41underground构词法：合成under＋ground同义词：tubesubwaymetro2commonly构词法：common(adj.)＋-ly同义词：generally3tube运用：ontheTube(在地铁里)bytube(乘地铁)4distinction来源：distinguish(v.)同义词：reputationdifference5distant来源：distance(n.)同义词：farawayremote运用：at∕fromadistance(在远处)remotecontrol(遥控器)6boundary同义词：borderfrontier7historic来源：history(n.)相关词：historian8transport构词法：派生trans-＋port（n.）trans-①在∕到…的另一边；横贯，横穿:transatlantic②变化：translate相关词：transportation(n.)9vehicle注意：字母h没有发音10choke同义词：block11beneath同义词：underbelow反义词：on12carriage形似词：marriage13comparatively构词法：compare(v.)comparative(adj.)＋-ly运用：thecomparativedegree(比较级)comparativelyspeaking(相比而言)14narrow形近词：arrowsparrow运用：anarrowmind(小心眼)anarrowescape(九死一生)15section同义词：areazoneregiondistrict运用：sectionmanager(部门经理)M-zone(动感地带)HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion(香港特别行政区)MacaoSpecialAdministrativeRegion(澳门特别行政区)16middle同义词：centre辨析：middle指时间、空间的中心或长方形物体的中心centre指地点的中心、球体的中心，也指兴趣的中心⑴Hesatdowninthe______ofthefrontrow.⑵AlthoughLondonisBritishcapital,itisnotinthe______ofthecountry.⑶Iwasinthe______ofreadingwhenIhadacallfromher.(正在…)⑷Whenhewascuttinganapplehehadhis_____fingercut.17advanced构词法：advance(v.)＋-ed运用：theadvancededucation(高等教育)advancedmathematics(高等数学)advancedideas(先进思想)inadvance(提前=beforehand)18accelerate同义词（组）：speedup,promote,advance19pace词组：keeppace(with…)(与…)齐头并进，跟上…middlecentermiddlemiddle20inconvenient构词法：派生in-＋convenient(adj.)21separately构词法：派生separate(adj.)＋-ly22acquisition来源：acquire(v.)23board形似词：broadaboardabroad辨析：boardⅠn.木板，甲板：goonboard上船（飞机、火车等）Ⅱvt.上（船、车、飞机）：boardatrain上火车broadadj宽阔的aboardⅠadv.在船（飞机、车）上，上船（飞机、车）：goaboard上船（车）Ⅱprep.在（船、飞机、车）上abroadadv在国外，到国外：goabroad出国24expansion来源：expand（v.）25connection构词法：connect(v.)＋-tion同义词：linkcontacttie26architect来源：architecture(n.建筑学)27function构词法：转化vi.起作用；运转（＝work）n.功能，作用28anti-aircraft构词法：派生anti-＋aircraftanti-含“反”“抗”“阻”“排斥”之意：Anti-JapaneseWar抗日战争29minister运用：MinisterofEducation教育部长PrimeMinister首相，总理30administration构词法：派生administrate(v.)＋-ation运用：MBA:MasterofBusinessAdministration工商管理硕士31user-friendly构词法：派生user(n.)＋-friendly-friendly含“对…友好”之意：eco-friendlyenvironment-friendly环保的32anniversary运用：silverwedding∕anniversary银婚(25周年)goldenwedding∕anniversary金婚(50周年)diamondwedding∕anniversary钻石婚(60周年)33effectively构词法：派生effect(n.)＋-iveeffective(adj.)＋-ly运用：causeandeffect因果ineffect=infact=actually实际上comeintoeffect生效，实行haveaneffecton…对…有影响34network构词法：合成net＋work35permit同义词：allow辨析：allow词意较弱，含有“听任”、“默许”、“不加阻止”的意思permit词意较强，强调“正式认可”、“批准”的意思36sightseeing构词法：派生sightsee(v.)＋-ing运用：gosightseeing去观光，去游览归纳拓展：gocamping去野营do(some)shopping购物gosailing去航海do(some)reading阅读goshopping去购物do(some)sewing做针线活gofishing去钓鱼goswimming去游泳36horrible同义词：terrible37damp反义词：dry38dozen运用：①与数词或many,several等连用时，复数不加s：a∕twodozeneggs一∕两打鸡蛋somedozen(of)people约12个人②dozensof几十，大量，许多：fordozensofyears好几十年以来39union来源：unite(v.)40discount构词法：派生dis-＋count(v.)运用：Wegive（a）10﹪discountforcash.现金付款，我们予以九折优惠。Workinpairsandtrytoguesswhatawordmeansbylookingatitsprefix.PrefixExampleMeaninganti-anti-cloningdis-disappearin-im-il-ir-incorrectimpossibleillegalirresponsibleagainst,opposedtonot,oppositeofnot,withoutPrefixExampleMeaningpre-previewpro-pro-cloningun-unfairrerebuildearly,beforeinfavorof,supportingnot,oppositeofagainTrytoguesswhatawordmeansbylookingatitssuffix.SuffixExamplesMeaning-ablecomfortable-fulcheerful-istscientistworthyof,abletobefullof,characterizedbysomeonewhodoessomethingSuffixExamplesMeaning-lesshopeless-mentagreement-nessdrynesswithoutindicateastateorconditionindicateastate,qualityorcharacterWorkingroupsoffourandtrytogivemoreprefixesandsuffixesandlistseveralwordsasexamples.DiscussionPrefixExampleMeaningde-mal-non-notdecompose（分解）maltreatment,malnutritionnon-smoker,non-alcoholic,non-profitapart,frombadly,illinter-international,interactionbetweentele-telescope,telegram,telecommunicationsfarPrefixExampleMeaningtrans-transport,translate,transnationalacrossmis-misunderstandwrongsub-subtitle,subway,submarineunderover-overeat,overworktoomuchSomeothercommonlyusedsuffixes-alcultural,national,originalrelatingto-ioninvitation,competition,protectionactionorconditionof…stateofbeing,skill-shiphardship,scholarship,relationship-domfreedom,kingdom,conditionorstat