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构词法在语法填空中的应用语法填空的考查范围：1语境(上下文）；2语法：动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。•英语构词法主要有三种方法。•派生（Derivation）•合成（Compound）•转换（Conversion）三种构词法:1.派生(Derivation):2.合成(Compounding):3.转化(Conversion)通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:eg.happy----unhappy(加前缀)happy----happiness(加后缀)由两个或更多的词合成一个词eg.wood(木)+cut(刻)----woodcut(木刻)由一个词类转化为另一个词类:eg.water(n.)水---water(v.)浇水三个词语的含义：词根：词缀：词类：构成词义的最小单位，不可再分。前缀；后缀十大词类派生法•派生法（也称词缀法），即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀，构成另一个单词的构词法，添加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀，它一般不改变原词的词性，只改变其词义。添加在词根后面的构成部分叫后缀，它改变了原词的词性，有时可改变其词义。前缀例词dis-disappearun-unknownin-indirect(常用在adj.后)im-impossible(用在b,p,m开头前)ir-irregularab-abnormalil-illegalmis-misunderstandnon-nonsmoker(否定)(不)(不)（不）(误)(非)(不,非)（不)（不）前缀例词a-构成形容词,副词asleep,alone,abroadover-oversleepinter-internationalre-recoveren-enrich过度相互再，又使……后缀例词名词-er;-or;-ee…..者employer,actor,employee-ess女的waitress,hotess-ese….地方的人Chinese,Japanese-ian精通…的人,…地方人musician,Russian-ist专业人员pianist--ment性质,状态；运动、结果movement--ness性质,状态kindness--tion表示动作,过程,结果suggestion形容词后缀:•-al;–an;–ern;-ble;–ish;–ive;–y;-ful;-less表示具有…的性质,或与…有关e.g.practical,American,southern,possible,foolish,native,rainy,careless，careful动词后缀:-fy(使…化);-ize(使…成为);–en(使…）e.g.satisfy,beautify;realize,symbolize,deepen,lengthen副词后缀:•-ly表示方式,程度:freely，happily•-ward(s)表示方向:westwards数词后缀:-teen十fourteen-ty整十位数forty-th序数词fifthPractice1…MrChenhastaughtmeEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmy(appreciate)Idecidedtogetherapresent.(广州一模)2.…(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutestocompletetherest.(广州二模)3.Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewabit_________(patience).（深一模）4.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid(rude).（深一模）appreciationFortunatelyimpatientrudely一.用所给单词的正确形式填空5.Imustknowhowtocareforothersandtrynotto(understand)them.(惠州一模)6.…youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievementinthe(entertain)field.(惠一模)7.Thesepeoplehavemadegreat__________(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.（茂名二模）8．Thestormdamagedseveral_________(new)builtbuildings,…(梅州二模)misunderstandentertainmentcontributionsnewly9．Numerousstudieshaveshownthatfreeplayisvery(benefit).Itcanhelpchildrenbecomecreative…(四校联考)10….theycanseeplays,films,operas,andshowsofeverykind,nottomentionthelatest_______(excite)footballmatch.（东莞一模）beneficialexcitingSumup:1.给出动词→排除掉填谓语动词及非谓语动词外，考虑其否定词（dis-/mis），名词（-ment/ation/-er等表身份人物的后缀），形容词（-able/-ed/-ing)2.给出名词→形容词（常考ce↔t，天气类常加-y，或者考-ful/-less等）3.给出形容词→比较级，最高级，副词（修饰adj/verb/sentence），名词（情感类常加-ness）4.两个en含有使动用法:en-（enrich)-en(widen)5.注意，有时填名词时还得注意单复数，动词，名词，形容词时都有可能会考否定形式，一定要根据语境来判断。•二、语篇填空使用括号中词语的正确形式填空（以考查词语派生为主）。•TheRaconteurs(虎烂乐队)makemusicthatlivesuptotheband’sname.Theword“raconteur”describesapersonwhois[1]____________(skill)attellingstories.Thebandmembersdescribe[2]___________(them)asanewbandmadeupofoldfriends.Allthebandmembershavefoundedmusiccareersbydoingotherprojects.Buttheydecidedtocometogetherasabandtotrysomething[3]_______(difference).skillfulthemselvesdifferentThelead[4]_______(sing)oftheRaconteursmaysoundfamiliar.JackWhiteisalsoamemberoftheband[5]________(call)theWhiteStripes（白色条纹乐队）.TheRaconteursalsoincludethesongwriterandguitaristBrendanBenson.These[6]___________(music)hadperformedtogetherovertheyears.Butin2005,theydecidedtoplaytogether[7]__________(official)astheRaconteurs.singercalledmusiciansofficiallyTheRaconteurs[8]_______(late)albumiscalled“ConsolersoftheLonely.”Thebandreleasedthealbuminan[9]__________(usually)way.They[10]__________(announce)theirnewalbumonlyaweekbeforeitwentonsaletoavoidtheusualpublicitycreatedbycritics(评论家).latestunusualannounced注意1.在做语法填空时，一定要善于根据上下文分析句子结构，句子成分，平时要多积累相关的单词，熟悉其词性，并利用好构词法等技巧。2.最后，要检查一遍，大小写问题，单复数问题，字母是否缺漏，单词是否要双写（e.g.runner）不断地通过分析句子来检验自己的答案。