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Chinese-EnglishTranslation•Gettoknoweachother•32hours,07/11-07/22,Monday-Saturdayafternoons•Exam:Friday(July22nd)•Students’needs•Tentativeclassschedule•Monday(07/11):translationtheoryandpractice•Tuesday(07/12):ChineseEnglishcomparisonandtranslation•Wednesday(07/13):ComprehensiveEnglish•Thursday(07/14):translationofpolysemouswordsandculture-loadedwords•Friday(07/15):translationoffigurativeexpressions•Saturday(07/16):translationofnumbers•translationofsentences•Monday(07/18):translationofsentences(continued)•Tuesday(07/19):translationoftext•Wednesday(07/20):businesstranslation•Thursday(07/21):businesstranslation•Friday(07/22):finalexam•你给我站住！•YouGiveMeStop!!•表妹•Watchsister•龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠的儿子会打洞！•dragonborndragon,chickenbornchicken,•Mouse’ssoncanmakehole!!•美中不足•AmericanChinesenotenough心花怒放•heartflowerangryopen•怎么是你，怎么老是你？•howareyou?howoldareyou?•树新风•Treenewbee•新京报6月16日报道一篇署名“高山衫”的网文近日揭露，俄罗斯圣彼得堡国立技术大学博士、清华大学历史系副主任王奇在一部学术专著中将蒋介石(ChiangKai-shek)翻译成“常凯申”。这是继吉登斯(AnthonyGiddens)名著《民族、国家与暴力》中“孟子”被译成“门修斯”之后出现的又一人名翻译大错。中央编译出版社已召回该书，拟核对之后再出。•孟子•孔子•老子•庄子•孙中山•蒋介石•毛泽东•邓小平•孟子：Mencius•孔子：Confucius•老子：Laosi,LaoTse,Lao-Tzu,Laotze,orLaoZi,•庄子：Chuangtzu•蒋介石：ChiangKai-shek•孙中山：SunYat-sen•毛泽东：MaoZedong•邓小平：DengXiaopingPre-20thcenturytranslationtheory•Liberalvs.FreeTranslationCicero,StJerome,XuanZang“Ididnottranslatethemasaninterpreterbutasanoratorkeepingthesameideasandforms…butinlanguagewhichconformstoourusage.Andinsodoing,Ididnotholditnecessarytorenderwordforword,butIpreservedthegeneralstyleandforceoflanguage”---Cicero(firstcenturyBC)•StJerome:LatintranslationofGreekOldTestament(freetranslation)•XuanZang:ChinesetranslationofBuddhistsutrasfromSanskritTranslationcriteriaproposedinthe20thcentury•FormalandDynamicequivalence(Nida)Formalequivalence:focusesattentiononthemessageitselfinbothformandcontentDynamicequivalence:therelationshipbetweenreceptorandmessageshouldbesubstantiallythesameasthatwhichexistedbetweentheoriginalreceptorsandthemessage(receptor-oriented)•Semantictranslationvs.Communicativetranslation(Newmark)•“Communicativetranslationattemptstoproduceonitsreadersaneffectascloseaspossibletothatobtainedonthereadersoftheoriginal.Semantictranslationattemptstorender,ascloselyasthesemanticandsyntacticstructuresofthesecondlanguageallow,theexactcontextualmeaningoftheoriginal.”(Newmark1981,p39)•严复《天演论》“信，达，雅”•林语堂：忠实，通顺，美好•“译事三难：信，达，雅。求其信，已大难矣！顾信矣不达，虽译尤不译也，则达尚焉。……译文取明深义，顾词句之间，时有所颠倒附益，不斤斤于字比句次，而意义则不倍本文。……至原文词理本深，难于共喻，则当前后引衬，以显其意。凡此经营，皆以为达；为达，即所以为信也。《易》曰：‘修辞立诚。’子曰：‘辞达而已。’又曰：‘言之无文，行而不远。’三者乃文章正轨，亦即为译事楷模。故信、达而外，求其尔雅。”•TheBookofChangesays:faithfulnessisthefirstimportantthinginwording.Confuciusstatesthatwhatspeechrequiresisonlyexpressiveness.Againhesaysthatlanguagewithoutliterarygracecannotgofarandwide.Allthesethreerequirementsasmentionedaboveareindispensablebothtowritingandtotranslating.Thuselegancemustbeachievedinadditiontofaithfulnessandexpressivenesssothatthetranslationmaygofarandwide.(ByLiuZhongde,1991)•comprehendingexpressing•SourceText----Translator------TargetText•（author）(reader)•译文必须忠实于原文(内容，风格)(anaccurateunderstandingofChinese:linguisticability,contextualcues,figurativemeaning)Example1Example2•译文必须是流畅的外文（流畅，合乎外文的习惯）(agoodmasteryofEnglish)Example3•贾母因笑道：“外客未见，就脱了衣裳，还不去见你妹妹！”曹雪芹《红楼梦》•WithasmileatPao-yu,theLadyDowagerscolded:“Fancychangingyourclothesbeforegreetingourvisitor.Hurryupnowandpayyourrespectstoyourcousin.”(Tr.YangXianyi&GladysYang)•阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻。（陶渊明《桃花源记》）•Itwascheckeredwithroadsandpathsbetweenthefields;cock-crowanddog-barkinonevillagewereheardinanother.•Theareawascrisscrossedwithhighwaysandpathsbetweenthefields,andfromonevillagetoanother,onecouldhearthefriendlycrowingofcocksandthebarkingofdogs.(EugeneA.Nida,TranslatingMeaning)•山谷顶端，残留着一座道教建筑，名叫“黄龙古寺”。寺前有一溶洞，深邃莫测。寺后有一石碑，除碑檐外，几乎全被碳酸钙沉积淹没，碑文已不可辨认。《黄龙奇观》•OnthehilltopstandstheYellowDragonMonastery,aTaoistretreatbuiltintheMingDynasty(1368-1644).Akarstcaveliesbeforeit,andastonetabletwaserectedbehind.Allbutthetopofthetablethasbeenerodedbycalciumcarbonate,andtheinscriptionshavebecomeunreadable.•OntopofthehillstandstheYellowDragonMonastery,aMingDynasty(1368-1644)structureforaTaoistretreat.Infrontofthemonasteryisakarstcaveofinfinitedepth,andbehinditstandsastonetablet,allbutthetophavingbeenerodedbycalciumcarbonateandtheinscriptionsonthetablethardlydistinguishable.Differentgenres,differentcriteria•Prose•我久久地伫立于湖畔，聆听一种生命悄然拔节的声音，心头如有暖流滚滚。刹那间，心中的春天是万木竞秀，繁花缤纷。•赵红波《怀念那片青草地》•Istoodforalongtimebytheshoreofthelake,listeningtothesoundoflife,withwarmcurrents,fillingmyheart.Suddenlyspringinsidemeblossomedintoluxuriance.•（translatedbyZhangYe）•其实，生命这种东西轰轰烈烈地也好，默默无闻也罢，归根结蒂，那不过是一种悲壮的过程而已。•Infact,infinalanalysis,life,beingdynamicorunknown,isnothingbutasolemnandstirringprocess.(TranslatedbyZhangYe)•我怀想着故乡的雷声和雨声。那隆隆的有力的搏击，从山谷反响到山谷，仿佛春之芽就从冻土里震动，惊醒，而怒茁而出。细草样柔的雨丝又以温存之手抚摸它，使它簇生油绿的枝叶而开出红色的花。Irememberfondlythesoundsofmybirthplace–thesoundsofthunderandofrain.Thosemightycrashesrumbledandreverberatedfrommountainvalleytomountainvalley,asifthenewshootsofspringwereshakinginthefrozenground,awakening,andburstingforthwithaterrif