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第⑪讲非谓语动词例①Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,if______regularly,canimproveourhealth.(2010浙江卷)A.beingcarriedoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutC［解析］考查if条件句的省略。本句的主语是theexperiment；谓语动词是shows;that引导宾语从句，宾语从句的主干是：properamountsofexercisecanimproveourhealth,if______regularly是插入的条件从句，从句的主语是properamountsofexercise，此时应用it代替前面提到的主语，条件句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且含有is，故省略了itis，完整形式是：ifitiscarriedout。句意为：这项实验表明，适当的运动，如果有规律地进行，能够有助于我们的身体健康。例②Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand______lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.(2010浙江卷)A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.weighing［解析］根据句子结构：主语：thetrafficrule；谓语动词：says；其后部分为宾语从句。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。句意：交通法则规定4岁以下并且体重不超过40磅的婴儿必须坐在婴儿安全座上。D例③______thecitycentre,wesawastonestatueofabout10metresinheight.(2010上海卷)A.ApproachingB.ApproachedC.ToapproachD.Tobeapproached［解析］考查现在分词作状语，表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。A例④Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumourandalwayskeepshercolleagues______withherstories.(2010上海卷)A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.tobeamused［解析］考查“keep+sb./sth.+宾补”这个结构，根据句意，hercolleagues与amused之间为被动关系。A例⑤Ihadgreatdifficulty______thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.(2010上海卷)A.findB.foundC.tofindD.finding［解析］考查固定搭配：havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难。D动词不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。1．动词不定式①常见的带不定式作宾语的动词有：(利用口诀进行记忆，事实上，口诀内的动词后跟动词不定式，几乎都有将来意味，建议考生牢记。)作宾语②句型：(it=todosth.，形式宾语)consider,think,make,feel,find,know,regard,believe+it+宾补(adj./n.)+todosth.例：IfeelithardtostudyGerman.③come/become/grow/get等表示心理活动的过程，意为“渐渐地喜欢上/意识到/懂了/知道了……”。例：IcametorealizethatIwaswrong.作宾语④介词but/except后可跟动词不定式作宾语。注意：but前如果出现过do/does/did/done的任意一种形式，but后的to可以省略。例：Shedidnothingbutlieinbed.作宾语2.动名词(1)常见的以动名词作宾语的动词是“动词不定式口诀”以外的动词。如：finish,mind,enjoy,practise,risk,resist,delay,imagine,suggest,advise,excuse,prevent,keep,consider等。作宾语(2)句型：①havedifficulty/trouble/problem/ahardtime/pleasure/agoodtime/funindoingsth.做某事有困难/很开心②Thereisnoneed/harm/hurry/point+indoingsth.做某事没有必要/没有害处/不着急/没有意义③consider/find/believe/regard/thinkitnouse/nogooddoingsth.认为做某事没有用/没有好处作宾语3．介词后面若要跟动词，必须使用doing，如on,by,after,before等；常见带介词to的词组小结如下：(1)动词+toadaptto…适应……addictsb./oneselfto…/beaddictedto…沉迷于……adjustto…适应……devote…to…/bedevotedto…致力于……becloseto…即将……be/getusedto…习惯于……作宾语beaccustomedto…习惯于……beequalto…能胜任……getdownto…着手于……givewayto…对……让步giveriseto…使……发生subscribeto…同意，赞同，订购giveone'smindto…专心致志于……lookforwardto…期盼着……作宾语objectto…反对……beopposedto…反对……referto…指……；参考……turnto…转行干……，求助于……payattentionto…注意……pointto…指向……turnattentionto…把注意力转向……sayyes/noto…同意/不同意……作宾语seeto…注意处理，照料stickto…坚持……keepto…坚持……besentencedto…被宣判为……besubjectto…经受……berelatedto…与……有关leadto…导致……contributeto…为……作贡献；有利于……；导致……作宾语1.动词不定式①动词+宾语+todosth.；宾语与todo为主动关系，常见的动词如下：like,hate,encourage,wish,warn,tell,want,desire,expect,get,permit,order,allow，invite,force,ask,cause,advise,request,prefer,beg,persuade,teach，lead等；作宾补②感官动词+宾语+dosth.；宾语与do为主动关系，省略to；若感官动词在被动语态中，则to要还原。例：Shesawtheoldmancrosstheroad.→Theoldmanwasseentocrosstheroad.作宾补③使役动词let/make/have+宾语+dosth.；宾语与do为主动关系；如make在被动语态中，to要还原。例：Imademylittlebrothercry.→Mylittlebrotherwasmadetocry.④with+宾语+todo有……要做。例：Withsomuchhomeworktodo,IwillnotbeabletorelaxmyselfonSunday.作宾补2．现在分词①keep/have/leave+宾语+doing;宾语与doing为主动关系，且持续进行。例：Sorrytohavekeptyouwaitingformeforsuchalongtime.②感官动词/catch+宾语+doing；宾语与doing为主动关系，且正在进行。例：Thepolicemancaughtthethiefstealingmoney.作宾补③get/send/set+宾语+doing；宾语与doing为主动关系，且动作由静止到运动并持续下去。例：FinallyIgotmycarrunning.④with+宾语+doing；宾语与doing为主动关系，且正在进行。例：Ifeltwarmerwiththefireburning.作宾补3．过去分词①keep/have/leave/make+宾语+done(宾语与done之间为被动关系或表示状态关系)例：Nancywillhaveherhousepainted.②感官动词+宾语+done(宾语与done之间为被动关系或表示状态关系)例：Shefoundasmallboyseatedatthebackoftheclassroom.作宾补③want/order/ask/wish+宾语+(tobe)done(宾语与done之间为被动关系)例：Theteacherwantedthepaper(tobe)finishedinanhour.④with+宾语+done(宾语与done之间为被动或状态关系)。例：Withtheirhousesruinedintheflood,theybecamehomeless.作宾补1.动词不定式(1)表目的，todo=inordertodo=soastodo(不能放在句首)例：Tomakehimselfheard,hespokeloud.(2)表原因，常放在表示某种情绪的形容词之后，如glad,happy,nice,sorry等。例：I'msosorrytohearthat.作状语(3)表结果①so+adj./adv.+astodo或such+(a/an)+adj.+n．+astodo，可以转化为so…that或such…that引导的结果状语从句。例：Sheissokindastohelpme.=Sheissokindthatshehelpsme.Sheissuchakindgirlastohelpme.=Sheissuchakindgirlthatshehelpsme.作状语②adj./adv.+enough(forsb.)todo…例：Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.③onlytodo…表示出乎预料的结果，意为“结果却……”。例：Shehurriedtoschoolonlytofindshewaslateagain.注意：onlytodo还有表示目的之意，意为“唯一的目的是……；仅仅为了……”。例：TheygotupveryearlyonlytohavealookatthesunriseonthetopofMountTai.作状语④too+adj./adv.+todo…太……而不能……例：Theproblemistoohardformetosolve.注意：too+adj./adv.+todo…也可译为“因做……而很/非常……”例：Iamtoogladtoseeyou.见到你我太高兴了。作状语2.现在分词现在分词作状语，句子的主语应该与doing在逻辑上是主动关系，与谓语动词几乎同时发生。若动作先于谓语动词发生，则用完成式havingdone。作状语①表示时间，可还原为含主动语态的时间状语从句。例：Crossingtheroad,theoldmanwasknockedoverbyacar.=Whentheoldmanwascrossingtheroad,hewasknockedoverbyacar.=Whencrossingtheroad,theoldmanwasknockedoverbyacar.作状语②表示条件，可还原为主动语态的条件状语从句。例：Workinghard,youwillbeabletopasstheexam.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillbeabletopasstheexam.=Ifworkinghard,youwillbeabletopasstheexam.作状语③表示让步，可还原为主动语态的让步状语从句。例：