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外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：NuclearInstruments&MethodsinPhysicsResearch,2015,3(2):281-294.英文原文ImportanceofconstructionorganizationdesignGBaeckerAbstractDuringtheconstructionprocessofaconstructionproject,theadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheconstructionorganizationschemenotonlydirectlyaffectthequalityoftheproject,butalsohaveanimportantimpactonthedurationandthesafetyofthepersonnelduringtheconstructionprocess.Theconstructionorganizationisanimportanttechnicalandeconomicdocumentfortheprojectconstructionandguidanceofprojectconstruction.Canadjustthecontradictionofpersonnel,machinery,rawmaterials,environment,process,equq)ment9civilconstruction,installation,management,production,etc.inconstruction.Itisnecessarytosuperviseandcontroltheconstructionorganizationdesignsoastoensuretheprojectqualitywithhighquality,lowcost,andlessEnergyconsumptionisconpleted.Keywords:ProjectManagement,ConstructionOrganization,ProgramImportanceConstructionorganizationdesignistheconceptionandspecificarrangementoftheentireconstructionprocessoftheengineeringconstructionproject.Itisthecoreandsouloftheconstructionorganizationmanagementwork.Itspurposeistomaketheprojectfaster,betterquality,andmoreefficient.Makethewholeprojectgetrelativelyoptimalresultsintheconstruction.1.ThereasonfortheimportanceofthedesignofconstructionorganizationTheconstructionprojectanditsconstructionhavethreecharacteristics:fixedandfluidity,diversityandindividuality,largebodyandlongconstructionperiod.Therefore,theconstructionofeachconstructionprojectmustbecarriedout.Thisisbecause:Theproductionofothergeneralindustrialproductshasitsownfixed,long-termfactory.Theconstructionofthebuildingisfluid,anditisimpossibletoestablishsuchafactory.Itisonlywheneachconstructionprojectisconstructedthatacorresponding,temporaryconstructionsitepreparationlikethenatureoftheplantisemployed・Theuniquefeaturesofconstructionandthecharacteristicsofconstructionmobilitydeterminethateachconstructionprojectmustselecttheappropriateequipmentandlabororganization.Theselectionofconstructionmethods,theformulationofconstructiontechnologyplans,andtheorganizationofworkforcesandimplementsarecollectivelyreferredtoasconstructionworkcapacityallocation.Thecharacteristicsoftheconstructioncyclehavedeterminedthatthesupplyofvariouslabors,equq)mentandmanymaterialsandmaterialstechnologieswilltakealongtime・Thiswillresultintheconstructionanddesignofmaterialsandtechnologiesthatarecompatiblewiththeoverallconstructionschedule・Fromthiswecanseethatconstructionorganizationdesignisveryimportantinprojectmanagement.2.TheimportanceofconstructionorganizationdesignAsaproduct,buildingproductsplayanextremelyimportantroleinprojectmanagementthroughouttheconstructionprocess.Theconstructionorganizationoftheengineeringconstructionprojecthasacloserelationshipwithitsengineeringcost.Thebasiccontentsoftheconstructionorganizationdesigninclude:projectoverviewandconstructionconditionanalysis,constructionplan,constructionprocess,constructionscheduleplan,andgeneralplanofconstruction.Therearealsoeconomicanalysisandconstructionpreparationworkplans.Amongthem,thedeterminationoftheconstructionplanandconstructionprocessismoreimportant.Forexample,theselectionofconstructionmachinery,theselectionofhorizontaltransportationmethods,theconstructionmethodsoftheearthwork,theconstructionmethodsofthemainstructureandtheselectionoftheconstructiontechnologyalldirectlyaffecttheprojectbudget.Thepricechanges・Underthepremiseofguaranteeingprojectqualityandsatisfyingtheownersuserequirementsandconstructionperiodrequirements,optimizingtheconstructionplanandconstructionprocessisanimportantmeasureandmethodtocontrolinvestmentandreduceconstructionprojectcost2.1Theconstructionorganizationplanaffectsthequalityoftheprojecttoagreatextent.Therefore,areasonableprojectorganizationplanisnotonlythebasisforensuringthesuccessfulcompletionoftheproject,butalsothebasisforprojectsafety.Theconstructionorganizationdesignisanimportantpartoftheconstructionengineeringdesigndocuments・Itisthemainbasisforprq)aringtheprojectinvestmentbudgetandthemainreferenceforthepreparationofbiddingdocuments・Therefore,carefulconstructionoftheconstructionorganizationwillhaveaveryimportantroleindeterminingtheprojectcostandreducingtheinvestmentintheproject,whichwillhelpcontroltheconstructioncost.2.2Theconstructionorganizationplanisanimportantmeansforscientificmanagementofconstructionactivities.Ithasthedualroleofstrategicdeploymentandtacticalarrangements・Itembodiestherequirementsforrealizingthebasicconstructionplananddesign,providesthecontentsoftheconstructionpreparationworkineachphase,andcoordinatesthemutualrelationsbetweeneachconstructionworkarea,eachconstructionworktype,andeachvoluntaryworkintheconstructionprocess.Theconstructionorganizationplanmustbeabletodeterminethebasiccombinationofvariousfactorsofproductionbasedonthecharacteristicsandrequirementsoftheengineeringproductandthecurrentandpossiblewinningconstructionconditions.Itisimpossibletocarryoutanyproductionwithouteffectivelysolvingtheproblem・・3.Indexcalculationandanalysisofconstru