高三英语基础知识归纳名词

名词复习一、名词：1.名词复数的变化规律：box—boxes盒子dish—dishes菜肴-o结尾的：photo—photos照片（英雄爱吃土豆西红柿加-es）-f/-fe结尾的：leaf—leaves叶子shelf—shelves架子（屋顶首领相信证据加-s）y结尾的(辅变元不变）：activity—activities活动study—studies研究enemy—enemies敌人family—families家庭party—parties聚会，政党day—days天，日不规则变化：tooth—teeth牙齿foot—feet脚，足，英尺child—children孩子，儿童mouse—mice老鼠，耗子policeman—policemen警察Anysmellmightattractnatural____(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.Recent____(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly．Itoughttobeahappydayfor____(family)togettogether.Therearemanysimilaritybetweendoctorsandteachers2.常见常考的不可数名词：advice建议，劝告air空气fun有趣的事weather天气news/information/word新闻，信息work工作homework家庭作业housework家务活progress进步practice练习luck运气baggage=luggage行李furniture家具equipment设备health健康wealth财富experience经验（注：“经历”可数）exercise锻炼（注：“练习”可数）改错:Thankstoher，Ihavemadegreatprogresses.Foronething，theycangiveyouvaluableadvicesIfwegoonatripabroad，wecanbroadenyourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.Momhasafull­timejob，soshehastodomostofthehouseworks.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.Wedidn'tneedtodosomanyhomework.However，55%ofthepeopledon'tturntonewspapersformanyinformation.Inmyopinion，everychildshouldhavethechancetoreceiveaneducationweknowthatwecannotthankherenoughforallherhardworksandguidance.3.名词构词法：developv.—developmentn.发展achievev.—achievementn.成就，功绩requirev.—requirementn.要求，需要的东西encouragev.—encouragementn.鼓励embarrassv.—embarrassmentn.尴尬appointv.—appointmentn.任命，约定excitev.—excitementn.激动，兴奋treatv.—treatmentn.对待，待遇；治疗，疗法equipv.—equipmentn.设备，装备settlev.—settlementn.解决，协议—settlern.移居者，殖民者determinev.—determinationn.决心，决定communicatev.—communicationn.沟通，交流，通讯translatev.—translationn.翻译，译文—translatorn.翻译家，译者educatev.—educationn.教育—educatorn.教育家，教育工作者suggestv.—suggestionn.建议correcta.正确的v.—correctionn.修改，改正directv.a.直接的，径直的—directionn.方向；指导permitv.—permissionn.许可，允许impressv.—impressionn.印象expressv.—expressionn.表达，表情，词语decidev.—decisionn.决定concludev.—conclusionn.结论happya.—happinessn.幸福，快乐illa.—illnessn.疾病sicka.—sicknessn.疾病kinda.—kindnessn.善良，仁慈，好意lazya.—lazinessn.懒惰sada.—sadnessn.悲伤，悲哀longa.—lengthn.长度weighv.—weightn.重量higha.—heightn.高度growv.—growthn.生长，增长breathev.—breathn.呼吸warma.—warmthn.温暖meanv.—meaningn.意思readv.—readingn.阅读sufferv.—sufferingn.痛苦，苦难spellv.—spellingn.拼写（法）beginv.—beginningn.开始，开端openv.a.—openingn.开始，开口，开通discoverv.—discoveryn.发现apologizev.—apologyn.道歉possiblea.—possibilityn.可能（性）ablea.—abilityn.能力safea.—safetyn.安全difficulta.—difficultyn.困难，难事distanta.—distancen.距离importanta.—importancen.重要性assistv.—assistancen.帮助，援助—assistantn.助手，助理advisev.—advicen.建议，劝告arrivev.—arrivaln.到达survivev.—survivaln.生存，幸存approvev.—approvaln.赞成，批准pressv.—pressuren.压力pleasev.—pleasuren.快乐，乐事failv.—failuren.失败mixv.—mixturen.混合（物）freea.v.—freedomn.自由wisea.—wisdomn.智慧，明智的行为losev.—lossn.丢失，损失behavev.—behaviourn.举止，行为describev.—descriptionn.描述，描写choosev.—choicen.选择affectv.—effectn.影响，效果explainv.—explanationn.解释，说明pronouncev.—pronunciationn.发音arguev.—argumentn.争论，争辩anxiousa.—anxietyn.焦虑curiousa.—curiosityn.好奇（心）4.重点掌握名词的三个结构：形+名，冠+名，冠+形+名（形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、whose应视为形容词）❶Butmydesireforthemoneywaslouderthanany____(doubt)voice.Somepeoplewhose____(intend)istomakebigmoneyappreciatebeinggivenanychancetomultiplytheirincomeToday'sexperiencetaughtmesome____(value)lessonsinmylife！Ihadno____(choose)buttoprepareforit，though.Firstofall，IwastodraftthespeechButmy____(listen)werewaitingpatientlywithoutanysignsofrushingme.Yousafzaicameto____(globe)attentionWhilethereare____(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformationOnmyrecentvisit，Iheldalivelythree­month­oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby____(it)mother.Luckily，allherteachersgavehermuch(encourage)．MissLihasalwaysworriedabouther____(limit)English.Peoplearen’talwaysthosewhotheydeclaretobeintheironline____(describe)．justa（minute）walkfromthesamespot．Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.Hehasruinedhishealthy.Besides，thegovernmentshouldtakeeffectmeasurestoguaranteechildren'srightofeducationDuringtheholiday，IrealizedEnglishwasofgreatimportant.soaswecanbeinagoodmoodeverydayandcontinuetomakerapidlyprogress.❷everydayshewouldwalkintokindergartenandsee____smileonmyface.Theyseemlikestoriesfrom____diaryandthatcertainlyhelpsSwiftattractheraudience.Mr.Johnsonlivedinthewoodswithhiswifeandchildren.Heowned____farm，whichlookedalmostabandoned.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，wholivedfromroughly551to479B．C.，influencedthe____(develop)ofchopsticks.Lastyear,shesaw____advertisementrecruiting(征募)hostfamiliesforforeignstudents,IaskedMomtostayinthesittingroomandIcookedinkitchen.Thismadeforthegrowintheporcelainindustry.Suchplacewouldtrulybeprimitive.Theoldmansaidwithsmile.❸Theonlypossibleseatwasnexttoagirlwithherarmsincasts(石膏绷带)，ablack­and­blueface，andasad____(express).Inthe____(follow)years，theboycameandcutthebranchestobuildahouse，Thenextday，heaskedhisguestsamequestion.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomon____topfloor.Therearemanystudentslivingatschool,the(child)housesareallfarfromschool.Itisconvenientf