动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartmentWuhanInstituteofShipbuildingTechnologyPowerEngineeringDepartmentLuobin动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment船舶开航前的备车•船舶开航前的备车时间一般在0.5h~6h之间。备车的目的是使船舶动力装置处于随时可起动和运转状态。•备车内容包括:①供电准备;②校对时钟、车钟;校对舵机;③暖机;④各动力系统的准备;⑤转车、冲车和试车。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•1.暖机:对柴油机冷却系统、滑油系统进行预热,并起动冷却水循环泵、滑油循环泵给机体各部件加温和向各运动摩擦表面供应滑油的过程。•暖机方式:•a.主机淡水系统:可利用发电柴油机冷却系统中的淡水循环,或者用蒸汽及电加热器进行加温实现。•b.滑油系统:蒸汽管道直接加温主机循环油柜,滑油分油机进行分油加温。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•2.各动力系统的准备:•1)滑油系统的准备•a.检查滑油循环柜、增压器油柜、轴系中间轴承座和尾轴承油柜的油位。•b.起动滑油循环泵并逐渐将油压调至规定值。•2)燃油系统的准备•a.检查主机日用轻柴油柜和重油柜的油位,并注意放残。•b.对重油日用油柜加温至规定范围。•c.起动低压燃油输送泵,调至规定压力。•3)冷却系统的准备•a.检查膨胀水箱的水位和系统中各阀门。•b.起动主机淡水泵,让淡水在系统中循环,系统驱气,暖机。•4)压缩空气系统的准备•a.将主、辅空气瓶充气至规定压力,并泄放气瓶内的残水和残油。•b.打开气瓶出口阀、主停气阀或使自动主起动阀处于“自动”位置上。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•3.转车、冲车和试车•1)转车(盘车)•a.开动转车机,转动主机,检查机器各运动部件和轴系的回转情况以及缸内有无大量积水。•b.对大型柴油机,要求正车和倒车共转车10min~15min。•2)冲车•a.冲车是利用起动装置(不供给燃油)使机器转动,将气缸中的杂质、残水或积油等从示功阀处冲出的过程。•b.冲车情况正常,冲车后关闭示功阀。•3)试车•a.目的:为了检查起动系统、换向装置、燃油喷射系统、油量调节机构及调速器工作是否正常。•b.内容•*正车起动,给油发火后在低速下运转数转后停车。•*换向•*倒车起动,给油发火后低速运转数转后停车。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•4.备车过程中的机驾联系•a.在转车、冲车、试车过程中按规定与驾驶台联系。试车完毕后将车钟手柄置于停车位置,等待驾驶台的各种车令。•b.采用驾驶台遥控方式的装置,试车完毕后,将操纵手柄转至“驾控”位置。此后值班轮机员不应远离操纵台。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartmentUnit4MarineEngineeringManagement第4单元轮机管理动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartmentLesson34Stand-byEngine第34课备车动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Wheninstructions(指令)havebeenreceivedthatthemainengine(主机)istobepreparedforrunning(备车),thefollowing(下述的)procedure(步骤)foranymakeofmarinedieselengine(船用柴油机)shouldbefollowed(应该遵循):•在接到主机备车的指令后,无论哪种船用柴油机均应遵循下述(操作)步骤:•(be)asfollow(s):adv.如下,依下列各项动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Checkthat(确保)thefueloil(燃油),lubricatingoil(滑油)andcoolingwater(冷却水)areatworkinglevelanddrain(vt.放残)anywaterorsludge(油渣)fromalllubricatingoilandfueltanks(柜).•确保燃油、滑油和冷却水在工作液位,以及滑油柜、燃油柜的水和油渣放残。•fueloil(heavyoil):燃料油,重油•dieseloil(lightoil):柴油,轻油动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Thepurifiedfueltanks(燃油柜)toberaisedtotherequiredtemperature.•净化的燃油柜加温至所需温度。•fueloilstoragetank:燃油贮存柜•fueloilsettlingtank:燃油沉淀柜•fueloilservicetank:燃油日用柜•fueloildailytank:燃油日用柜•Fueloilprimingpump:燃油起动泵•Switchon(合闸)thepowertovariousauxiliaries(辅助设备)andtothecontrolconsole(控制台,操纵台).•向各种辅助设备和控制台合闸供电。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Checkthatallvalvesinthevarioussystemsareoperational(可使用的)andcheckthejacketwater(缸套冷却水)andlubricatingpumps(滑油泵).•确保各系统中所有阀均可使用,并检查缸套冷却水和滑油泵。•Anyleakstoberectified(修复)immediately.•若有漏泄立即修复•rectify:vt.【电学】整流•【化学】精[蒸]馏(distill),净化(purify)动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Startupjacketwaterpumpsandcheckpressures.•起动缸套冷却水泵,并检查压力。•Bringintooperationtheheatingsystemofthecoolingwater.•使(缸套)冷却水的加热系统投入工作。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Thetemperatureofthecoolingwaterreturnsfromthejackets(缸套),liners(缸衬)andpistons(活塞)shouldberaisedgraduallyto60℃(140℉).•缸套、缸衬及活塞的冷却水的回水温度逐渐升高到60℃(140℉)。•returnwatertemperature:回水温度•Thewarmingthroughperiodshouldextend(vi.持续)overaperiodofapproximatelyfourhours.•暖机的整个过程应持续约4个小时。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Checkthroughthecrankcase(曲轴箱),etc.foranytools,obstructions(障碍物),orwastematerial(废旧材料)andremovesameandmakesurethat(确保)everythingiscorrect.•检查曲拐箱等是否遗留工具、障碍物、废旧材料等,(若有)则清除,并确保一切正常。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Startuplubricatingoilpumpsandcheckthatatworkingpressure,oilflowsuniformly(均匀地)fromallthebearingsandthencloseupthecrankcase(曲轴箱).•起动滑油泵,并确保滑油在工作压力下从各轴承均匀地流出,然后关闭曲轴箱(门)。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Onengineshavingoilcooledpistons(油冷活塞)thelubricatingoilpre-heater(滑油预热器)mustbeputintooperation(投入运行)andtherate(速度)ofheatingsoarrangedthatthetemperatureofthepistoncoolingoil(活塞冷却油)returnsare32to35℃overaperiodofatleasttwohours.•对带油冷活塞的柴油机而言,滑油预热器须投入运行,并且加热的速度应这样设置,活塞冷却油的回油温度在间隔至少2h内为32-35℃。•returnoiltemperature:回油温度动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Startupinjectorcoolingpumps(喷油器冷却泵),checkpressures.•起动喷油器冷却泵,并检查压力。•Bringintooperationtheheatingsystemforthefuelinjector(燃油喷油器)coolingwatertank(冷却水柜)toraisethetemperatureofthewaterto60℃overaperiodofabouttwohours.•燃油喷油器冷却水柜的加热系统须投入使用,使水温约2h内升至60℃。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Iftheengineistobestartedonhighviscosity(粘度)fuelthetemperatureofthewatershouldberaisedto77to82℃.•如果柴油机使用高粘度燃油起动,则水温应(加热)升至77~82℃。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Ifhoppersorsightglassesarefittedcheckthatthereisasadequate(足够的)flowofcoolant(冷却介质)througheachpiston(活塞),cylinderhead(缸盖),cylinderjacket(缸套),turbochargercasing(涡轮增压器套管)andinjector(喷油器).•若安装有漏斗或(液位)观察镜,则确保流经各活塞、缸盖、缸套、涡轮增压器和喷油器的冷却介质有足够的流量。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Checkthatanyvents(出口)inthesystemsareclear(畅通的)toallowthefreeflow(自由流动)ofairfromthecylindercoolingpassages(气缸冷却腔)andturbochargers(涡轮增压器).•确保系统中各出口是畅通的,以允许空气在气缸冷却腔及涡轮增压器中自由流动。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Thechargeaircoolers(增压空气冷却器,进气冷却器)shouldalsobevented.•增压空气冷却器(冷却水侧)亦需放气。•Unventedspacesencourage(促进)theformationofsteam,corrosion(腐蚀),erosion(侵蚀)andlocaloverheating(局部过热).•未放气的腔室易形成蒸汽,发生腐蚀、侵蚀和局部过热。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Startupfuelprimingpumps(燃油起动泵),checkpressure.•启动燃油起动泵,并检查(燃油)压力。•Thesystemshouldbeclearedofairbymeansofthevariousairventcocks(放气旋塞)orvalves.•通过各放气