爱因斯坦详细介绍【英文】Einstein Chris Mason

AlbertEinsteinMarch14,1879•AlbertEinsteinwasborninUlm,Germany1884•Einsteinsawawonderwhenhewasfourorfiveyearsold:amagneticcompass.•Theneedle'snorthwardswing,guidedbyaninvisibleforce,impressedhim.•Thecompassconvincedhimthattherehadtobesomethingbehindthings,somethingdeeplyhidden.AlbertasaStudent•Einsteinknew,fromthenon,thathewantedtoteachmathandScienceataUniversitysomeday.•Theproblemwas,hewasn’taverygoodtest-takerandcouldnotgetajobataUniversitybecauseofit.•RumorhasitthathehadevenfailedaMathtest,butsomepeoplequestionthatbecauseofthewaygradeswereassignedbackthen.1905•AlbertEinsteindevelopshisSpecialTheoryofRelativity.•HedidthiswhileworkingasaPatentClerkinGermany.•Hewasn’treallyevenascientistatthetime.Einstein’sSpecialTheoryofRelativity•Relativetowhoiswatching,spaceandtimearetransformednearthespeedoflight:distancesappeartostretch;andclockstickmoreslowly.•clockEinstein’sSpecialTheoryofRelativity•Einstein’stheorymeantthatNewton’sLawsneededtobemodified.•gravity•Spaceandtimearenotabsolute-andtheuniverseweliveinisnotactuallytheoneNewtondiscovered.“•spacetimeEinsteinContinuedhisGeniusin1905•Einsteinusestheideathatlightexistsastinypackets,orparticles,thatwenowcallphotons.•Hisworkanchorsthemostshockingideaintwentiethcenturyscience:weliveinauniversebuiltoutoftinybitsofenergyandmatter.EinsteinContinuedhisGeniusin1905•Next,inAprilandMay,Einsteinpublishestwopapers.•Inoneheinventsanewmethodofcountinganddeterminingthesizeoftheatomsormoleculesinagivenspace.•IntheotherheexplainsthephenomenonofBrownianmotion.•Thenetresultisaproofthatatomsactuallyexist-stillanissueatthattime.EinsteinContinuedhisGeniusin1905•Andthen,inJune,Einsteincompletesspecialrelativity-whichaddsatwisttothestory:specialrelativityseeslightasparticlesandacontinuousfieldofwaves.EinsteinContinuedhisGeniusin1905•Andofcourse,Einsteinisn'tfinished.Laterin1905comesthemostfamousrelationshipinphysics:e=mc2.•Theenergycontentofabodyisequaltothemassofthebodytimesthespeedoflightsquared.•Atfirst,evenEinsteindoesnotunderstandthefullimplicationsofhisformula.2mce1907•In1907,EinsteinbeginstoapplythelawsofgravitytohisSpecialTheoryofRelativity.•In1911,hefinallygetsajobasaProfessorofPhysicsattheGermanUniversity.1910-1913•In1910,Einsteinaddressedabasicquestion:Whyistheskyblue?Heapproachedtheproblembylookingattheeffectofthescatteringoflightbyindividualmoleculesintheatmosphere.•In1913,EinsteinbeginsworkonhisnewTheoryofGravity.1915•EinsteincompleteshisGeneralTheoryofRelativity.•Einsteinchallengedthewaytheworldthoughtaboutgravity–andSirIsaacNewtonhimself-bydescribinggravityasthewarpingofspace-time,notaforceactingatadistance.Einstein’snewTheoryofGravity1919•AsolareclipseprovesEinsteinright,andhebecomesanovernightcelebrity.•AnexperimenthadconfirmedthatlightraysfromthesunweredeflectedbythegravityofthesuninjusttheamountEinsteinhadpredictedinhistheoryofgravity,GeneralRelativity.1921•AlbertEinsteinisawardedtheNobelPrizeforhisservicestoTheoreticalPhysics,andespeciallyforhisdiscoveryofthelawofthephotoelectriceffect1928•Einsteinbeginspursuinghisideaofaunifyingtheorythattieseverythingintheuniversetogether.1933•Einsteinandhiswife,Elsa,escapeNaziGermanyandsetsailfortheUnitedStates.1939•WorldWarIIbegins.•EinsteinwritesanowfamouslettertoPresidentFranklinD.RoosevelturgingnuclearresearchandwarninghimofGermany’sbuildingofanatomicbomb.Einstein’sContribution•Between1905to1925,Einsteinchangedtheworld’sunderstandingofnatureoneveryscale,fromthesmallestorganismtothewholeuniverse.•Now,acenturyafterhebegantomakehismark,wearestillexploringEinstein'suniverse.•Theproblemshecouldnotsolveremaintheonesthatdefinethecuttingedge,themosttantalizingandcompelling.Einstein’sContribution•Einsteincontinuedtohisdyingdays,tryingtofigureoutasinglecentraltheorythatexplainedeverythingintheuniverse.•AnextensionofhisworkhasbecomeknownasStringTheory,whichsaysthateverythingintheuniverseismadeupoftinystringsofenergy.April18,1955•AlbertEinsteindiesofHeartFailure.•Thisisapictureofhislastblackboard.FamousEinsteinQuotes•Anyonewhohasnevermadeamistakehasnevertriedanythingnew.•IfAequalssuccess,thentheformulais:A=X+Y+Z.Xiswork.Yisplay.Ziskeepyourmouthshut.ThankYouMr.Einstein!