8D培训教材

PRIVATETrainingModule8DProblemSolving培训教程8D问题解决ProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-PrivateWhyarewehere?为什么我们在这里？Wewantyoutoteachthismoduleinthefuturetoyourkeypeopleunderyou.我们希望在不久的将来您能把这一教程教授给您的下属。ProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-PrivateMethod,Process–Howwedowork?方法,过程-我们如何工作？Input+Method=Output输入+方法=输出•Youownyour“method”!!!你拥有属于自己的“方法”!!!•“Method”differentiatestheoutput.“方法”区分了输出ProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-PrivateMethod,Process–Howwedowork?方法,过程-我们如何工作？MethodofdoingworkisaCompetitiveAdvantage工作的方法是强有力的竞争优势Input+Method=Output输入+方法=输出ProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-Private质量保证Qualityassurance质量方法Qualitymethods六西格玛SixSigma标准化Standards拉动系统Pullsystem安全&人机工程学Safety&Ergonomy不要批评，不要指责Don’tjudge,don’tblame!柔性&激励Flexibility&Motivation训练到标准化Disciplinetostandards持续改进Continuousimprovement过程&结果Process&Result质量第一Qualityfirst盈利能力Profitability竞争能力Competitiveness满意度Satisfaction员工参与Employeeinvolvement团队合作Teamwork5S5S消除浪费Mudaelimination全员生产性维护TPM及时化Justintime平准化&能力Leveling&Capacity生产线概念Lineconcepts连续流Continuousflow节拍时间Takttime高频次交货FrequentdeliveriesProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-PrivateProblemsaregapsbetweentheactualconditionandthedesiredcondition.问题是现实与期望的差距WhatareProblems?什么是问题?Gap=Problem实际情况期望情况差距=问题ProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-PrivateProblemSolving问题解决8DProblemSolvingMethod8D问题解决方法Gap=ProblemGap=Problem==期望情况实际情况实际情况期望情况ProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-Private8DProblemSolving,CorporateStandardAS63MethodofProblemSolving问题解决的方法Formateam组建团队12DescribetheProblem描述问题ImplementContainmentActions实行“围堵”行动3IdentifyRootCauses定义根本原因4ChooseandimplementCorrectiveActions选择并实行纠正措施5EvaluateResult评估结果6PreventReoccurence预防再次发生7Congratulatetheteam团队庆祝8ProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-PrivateFormateam组建团队18DProblemSolving,AutolivStandardAS63Gettherightpeople!去找正确的人!ProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-Private2DescribetheProblem描述问题8DProblemSolving,AutolivStandardAS63•UseData使用数据•Pictures/sketchesofDesiredandActualconditions实际与期望情况下的照片和草图•“GoandSee”approach去现场观察•CompareOKandNOTOKconditions比较“OK”和“NOTOK”的情况•“Awelldefinedproblemis50%solved.”当一个问题有了很好的定义，那该问题就已经解决了一半Who,What,Where,WhenandHowMany谁,什么,哪里,何时,多少ProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-PrivateImplementContainmentActions实行“围堵”行动38DProblemSolving,AutolivStandardAS63•Quicklycontainnon-conformancesfrom–•ProblemStartPoint•ProblemStopPoint迅速控制从问题开始点至问题结束点之间的不合格品•Appropriateinstructions恰当的指导•Validatedtoensureeffective确保有效•Verifiedbymanagement管理层审核Nobadpartstothecustomer!!!不向客户递送不合格品!!!ProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-PrivateIdentifyRootCauses定义根本原因48DProblemSolving,AutolivStandardAS63Tools工具:•Observation-Watchtheprocess观察-关注流程•5Why5个为什么•现场再现•Fish鱼骨图•GoandSee去现场•More…其他…•Whytheproblemoccurred?问题为什么发生?•Whywastheproblemnotdetected?为什么问题没有被察觉到?Findthetruecause!找到真正的原因！ProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-Private5WhyTool5个为什么•Ask“why”tounderstandproblems通过问”为什么来理解问题•Ask“why”atleast5times.至少问5次”为什么”•Askasmany“whys”asyoucan,thengo1more尽量多问几次”为什么”•Verifythatthe“whys”aretrue验证这些”为什么”是正确的•Gatherdata,goandsee.收集现场收集数据•Trytoturntheproblemonandoff试着还原并解决问题5WhyWhy?Why?Why?…..为什么?为什么?为什么…..ProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-PrivateExample:例子5WhyProblem:问题：Printeralwaysdisplays“Failure”.Why?打印机总显示“失败”，为什么？Jaminfeeder.Why?进纸处卡纸，为什么？Multiplesheetsweredrawn-inatthesametime.Why?同时进多张纸，为什么？Sheetswereinsertedincorrectly(“Dog-ears”).Why?纸张放入错误（褶角），为什么？Thefeederisdifficulttoreach.Why?进纸口很难碰到，为什么？Theprinteristooclosetothewall.打印机离墙太近Conclusion:Moveprinterawayfromthewall.结论:把打印机搬离墙壁.ProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-PrivateChooseandImplementCorrectiveActions选择并实行纠正措施58DProblemSolving,AutolivStandardAS63•Howwastheoccurrencefixed?怎样处理这一事件?•Howwasthenon-detectionfixed?怎样解决检查中的疏漏Installpermanentfixes!实现永久性的解决!ProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-PrivateEvaluateResult评估结果68DProblemSolving,AutolivStandardAS63•Istheproblemsolved?问题解决了吗•Showmethedata!给我看数据•Timeorsamplesize.时间或样品尺寸Confirmtheproblemiseliminated!确定问题已经排除!ProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-PrivatePreventReoccurence预防再次发生78DProblemSolving,AutolivStandardAS63•Lookatsimilarproductsandprocesses纵观相似的产品，设备和工艺。•Keepyourlessonsforthelong-term为将来积累经验•Findandfixthesystemcausethatpreventstheproblem通过发现和解决系统导致的问题来预防问题的产生•Assurethefixesareeffectivetoday!确定措施有效Tomorrow!!明年!!Oneyearfromnow!!!从现在起的一年!!!Neverrepeataproblem.不让问题重现ProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-PrivateCongratulatetheteam团队庆祝88DProblemSolving,AutolivStandardAS63•Reinforcesbehavior增强了领导力•Reinforcesteamwork增强了团队精神•Improvesculture提升了企业文化Recognizesuccess!认可成功！ProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-Private5WhyAnalysisEXERCISES5个为什么分析练习ProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-PrivateWhyarewehere?为什么我们在这里Again,pleaseteachthismoduleinthefuturetoyourkeypeopleunderyou.再一次希望不久的将来您能把这一教程教授给您的下属。Wewouldbehappytohelpbyteamteachingifyouwouldlike.如果您愿意我们很乐意组织集体培训。ProblemSolving(SQandSupplierSupport-PrivateEnd结束