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专题十非谓语动词非谓语动词•动词不定式•动名词•分词构成：（to）+动词原形作用：主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语。构成:v+ing作用：表语、宾语、表语、定语构成：v+ing/v+ed作用：表语、补语、定语、状语一、动词不定式•作主语TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.讲英语对于我们来说不容易。作主语用的动词不定式常用it作形式主语，真正的动词不定式主语放在后面。Itis+adj(for/ofsb)+todo.注意：kind,good,nice,clever等形容人的品质的形容词后，用of，不用for。It'sverycleverofyoutoworkoutthisproblem.•作宾语Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?Helikestoplaybasketball.只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词宾语。a.表示命令、打算、或希望的词或词组，如：wouldlike,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。Wouldyouliketohaveacupoftea?Tomdecidedtostudyhardforthefinalexam.b.find,think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语。IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.LiLeirealizeditnecessaryforhimtogetupearlytodosomeexerciseforhefoundhewasgettingfatterandfatter.c.常见的不带to的动词不定式作宾语的结构。Whynotdosth?hadbetter(not)do...wouldratherdo...Could/Wouldyouplease(not)do...?•作表语Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.多数情况下，动词不定式作表语可转换为主语。•作宾补Mymotheraskedmetotakeoutthetrashthismorning.动词不定式作宾补时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourageOurteachertellsustofinishhomeworkontime.Lilyencourageshersistertosingasongforthefamily.注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词用不定式做宾补时，省略to。但变被动语态时，还原to。五看，三让，二听，一感觉，半帮助。Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.•作定语Haveyougotanythingtosay?动词不定式作定语，要后置。有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不及物动词，动词不定式后要加上适当的介词。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Tomalwaystellslies,sohehasnofriendtoplaywith.•动词不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.=Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattheyshoulddo.Hedidn'tknowwheretogo.=Hedidn'tknowwhereheshouldgo.•做状语I'msorrytotroubleyou.(原因)IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.(目的)逻辑主语要和主语一致。二、动名词•作主语WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.谓语动词用单数。•作宾语表示习惯性的动作或抽象行为。Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.（动宾）Stampsareusedforsendingletters.（介宾）初中阶段常见动名词作宾语的词：finish,enjoy,mind,miss,practice,beworthdoingsthhavefundoingsthbebusydoingsthfeellikedoingsthhavetrouble/problem(in)doingsthspend...(in)doingsthbeusedtodoingsth•作表语Hishobbyiscollectingstamps=Collectingstampsishishobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换为作主语。•作定语Sheisinthereadingroom.Studentsareplayingattheswimmingpool.Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.只表示它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，置于被修饰词之前。三、分词•现在分词：动词+ing（表主动、进行）•过去分词：动词+ed（表被动、完成）•作定语Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词。作状语Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.分词的逻辑主语为句子的主语。作表语Theboywastoofrightenedtomove.ThecartoonthatIsawlastnightwasinteresting.现在分词表主语的性质、特征。过去分词表主语处于某种状态。•作补语Don'tkeepuswaitingforalongtime.Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.He'llhavehishaircut.Marygotherearspierced.现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。•动词后接动词不定式和动名词的区别stoptodosth停下来去做另一件stopdoingsth停止正在做的goontodosth继续做另一件事goondoingsth继续做原来的事forgettodosth（未做）forgetdoingsth（做过）remembertodosth（未做）rememberdoingsth（做过）regrettodosth（遗憾未做）regretdoingsth（后悔做过）trytodosth尽力trydoingsth尝试meantodosth打算，想要meandoingsth意味着做某事beafraidtodosth主观不敢，害怕beafraidofdoingsth担心doing的情况结果•need,require,want作“需要”讲时后接动词不定式和动名词的区别needtodosth表主动，主语多数是人。needdoingsth=needtobedone表示被动Thestudentsneedtocleanthewindow.Thewindowneedscleaning.=Thewindowneedstobecleaned.•lookat,see,watch,hear,find,feel等感官动词后接不带to动词不定式做宾补时，表动作的全过程已经结束或存在的事实；接现在分词表示动作正在进行。Isawhimcrosstheroad.我看见他过了马路。Isawhimcrossingtheroad.我看见他正在过马路。Ifeltsomethinghitmeontheback.我感觉有东西打了我的后背。Canyoufeelthetrainslowingdown?你感觉到火车正在减速吗？Theyknowherverywell.Theyhaveseenhergrowupfromchildhood.他们很了解她。他们是看着她从小长大的。•某些含有介词to的固定短语1.beusedtodoing...习惯，适应······Sheisusedtogettingupearly.2.prefer...to...两者之间更喜欢······Ipreferwalkingtocycling.3.lookforwardto...期盼，盼望Welookforwardtoseeingyouagain.4.devoteto献身，致力于······LeiFenghasdevotedhislifetohelpingothers.5.makeacontributionto为······做贡献Weshouldmakeacontributiontoprotectingtheearth.练一练1.Excuseme,wouldyoumind__yourvoicedown,please?A.tokeepB.keepingC.keepD.kept2.Whatabout__arest?OK.Let'sgooutandhaveawalk.A.totakeB.takesC.taking3.IttookJanetthreehours___readingthisinterestingstory.A.tofinishB.finishedC.finishing4.Don'tforget__yourhistoryandpoliticsbookstomorrowmorning.Thanks.Iwon't.A.bringB.tobringC.bringing1.Ihope____(find)agoodjobinaforeigncompanyafterIgraducatefromschool.2.Chinaisa_______(develop)country.3.Hefoundithard___________(catchupwith)hisclass.4.Motherasksme_______(notplay)computergamesbeforefinishingmyhomework.5.AllthechildrenlikeMr.Whiteverymuchbecauseheoftenmakeshim_____(laugh)6.Wehavetworooms____(live)in,butIcan'tdecidewhichone_______(choose).7.Theboy______(stand)intheteacher'sofficewasfoundsmokingyesterday.8.Shesaysshedoesn'tfeellike____(go)outwithyou.tofinddevelopingtocatchupwithnottoplaylaughtolivetochoosestandinggoing