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专注金融培训服务鹏生教育—高端财经培训专家！1cfalevel1词汇L1word2franchisen.选举权；特许权；专营权disposableincomeonecanspendoneselfafterpayingone'sincometax,socialsecuritycontributions,etc可支配收入（缴纳所得税﹑社会福利金等之后自己可以动用的部分）GDP国内生产总值：一个经济体系在特定时期内生产的所有货品及服务的总值，其中包括消费、政府购买、投资及出口减进口GrossDomesticProduct(GDP)Themonetaryvalueofallthefinishedgoodsandservicesproducedwithinacountry'sbordersinaspecifictimeperiod,thoughGDPisusuallycalculatedonanannualbasis.Itincludesallofprivateandpublicconsumption,governmentoutlays,investmentsandexportslessimportsthatoccurwithinadefinedterritory.GDP=C+G+I+NXwhere:Cisequaltoallprivateconsumption,orconsumerspending,inanation'seconomyGisthesumofgovernmentspendingIisthesumofallthecountry'sbusinessesspendingoncapitalNXisthenation'stotalnetexports,calculatedastotalexportsminustotalimports.(NX=Exports-Imports)GNP国民生产总值：一种经济统计数据，相等于国内生产总值（GDP）加国内居民来自海外投资的收入，减海外居民在国内赚取的收入self-correctinga.自动调整的,自动修正的Consideration约定金额；代价；对价；考虑因素pecuniaryconsideration金钱报酬similarityconsideration(=similitudeconsideration)相似［模拟］条件stochasticconsideration或然率考虑stochastic[stəuˈkæstik]adj.【数】随机的pecuniary[piˈkju:niəri]a.1金钱上的，金钱的；2应罚款的keynesianmodeln.凯恩斯派的模型Elasticity弹性一个可变因素对另一个可变因素的敏感度。更具体来说，是指消费者对价格变动的反应。计算方法为：需求量变动%/价格变动%Ameasureofavariable'ssensitivitytoachangeinanothervariable.Ineconomics,elasticityrefersthedegreetowhichindividuals(consumers/producers)changetheirdemand/amountsuppliedinresponsetopriceorincomechanges.Calculatedas:专注金融培训服务鹏生教育—高端财经培训专家！2crosselasticity交叉弹性unitelasticityn.单一弹性Efficiency效率效能Alevelofperformancethatdescribesaprocessthatusesthelowestamountofinputstocreatethegreatestamountofoutputs.Efficiencyrelatestotheuseofallinputsinproducinganygivenoutput,includingpersonaltimeandenergy.slash[slæʃ]vt.砍；大幅度削减n.砍，砍痕；斜线号slope【数】斜率[度];【刷】斜体Econometrics计量经济学：将统计理论运用在经济上，目的在于预测未来趋势well-being[ˈwelˈbi:iŋ]n.幸福；健康；福利debtsecurities债务证券；债券riskpremium风险溢价Wemustchooseaconsistenttimeframeinwhichtocountthedefects.Thiswillensurethatwehaveanapples-to-applescomparison.其中apples-to-apples意思是有可比性的apples-to-apples同类相比较appletoorange不同类的比较公平，平分的原则，我们现在常说的AA制就是这么来的。excruciate[iksˈkruːʃieit]vt.1.使苦恼[痛苦]2.[古]拷打;折磨excruciating[ɪkˈskruːʃɪeɪtɪŋ]adj.1.使苦恼的;极痛苦的;难忍受的2.极度的,强烈的-atinglyadv.n.1.苦恼,巨痛;折磨2.[古]酷刑,拷问n.grindout用功做出deplete[di'pli:t]v.耗尽,使...空竭n.亏空ConsumerSurplus消费者盈余/剩余Aneconomicmeasureofconsumersatisfaction,whichiscalculatedbyanalyzingthedifferencebetweenwhatconsumersarewillingtopayforagoodorservicerelativetoitsmarketprice.Aconsumersurplusoccurswhentheconsumeriswillingtopaymoreforagivenproductthanthecurrentmarketprice.InvestopediaSays:Consumersalwaysliketofeelliketheyaregettingagooddealonthegoodsandservicestheybuyandconsumersurplusissimplyaneconomicmeasureofthissatisfaction.Forexample,assumeaconsumergoesoutshoppingforaCDplayerandheorsheiswillingtospend$250.Whenthisindividualfindsthattheplayerisonsalefor$150,economistswouldsaythatthispersonhasaconsumersurplusof$100.消费者为一定数量的产品愿意支付的总价格和必须支付的总价格（或市价）之间的差异Manproposes,Goddisposes.[谚]谋事在人,成事在天。proposesb.for提名某人(任某职);推荐某人proposetosb.向某人求婚tradeoff相互替代，交替换位,交替使用,卖掉discriminate[disˈkrimineit]vi.(between)区别；(against)歧视专注金融培训服务鹏生教育—高端财经培训专家！3deadweightloss净损失，额外损失,实在损失,无谓的损失Thecoststosocietycreatedbyaninefficiencyinthemarket.InvestopediaSays:Mainlyusedineconomics,thetermdeadweightlosscanbeappliedtoanydeficiencyduetoaninefficientallocationofresources.Lostproductionduetoinaccurateforecastingforlaborisanexampleofadeadweightloss.TaxIncidence税收归宿，纳税负担，课税归宿Aneconomictermforthedivisionofataxburdenbetweenbuyersandsellers.Taxincidenceisrelatedtothepriceelasticityofsupplyanddemand.Whensupplyismoreelasticthandemand,thetaxburdenfallsonthebuyers.Ifdemandismoreelasticthansupply,producerswillbearthecostofthetax.asopposedto与...形成对照entrepreneur[en·tre·pre·neur|]n.企业家;主办人entrepreneurialadj.企业家的;中间商的;创业者的aswith与…一样assemble[ә'sembl]vt.集合,收集,装配vi.集合[计]汇编[化]装配assembly[əˈsembli]n.1议会；2集会，集合;4组装,安装,组合,部件,系统assemblyline装配线,流水作业线shirk[ʃɜrk/ʃɜːk]v.1逃避,躲避,推卸;2逃避义务,偷懒accountfor...1解释...,说明...,是...的原因/理由,2(数量)占...3对...负有责任;4证明Turnover1.Inaccounting,thenumberoftimesanassetisreplacedduringafinancialperiod.2.Thenumberofsharestradedforaperiodasapercentageofthetotalsharesinaportfolioorofanexchange.InvestopediaSays:1.Inaccounting,turnoveroftenreferstoinventoryoraccountsreceivable.Aquickturnoverisdesiredbecauseitmeansthatinventoryisnotsittingontheshelvesfortoolong.2.Inaportfolio,asmallturnoverisdesiredbecauseitmeanstheinvestorispayinglessincommissionstothebroker.ItiscalledchurningwhenabrokerunethicallygeneratesnumeroustradessolelyinordertoincreasecommissionsTurnover周转率、成交量解释/例子:1.在会计上，指在财务时期一种资产置换的次数。最常用于库存或应收账款周转率2.在证券交易上，指一个投资组合或交易所在一段期间交易股份的数量占总股票数量的百分比Herfindahl—HirschmanlndexHHl赫芬达尔·赫斯曼指数用来评估一个行业或市场组成部分的集中度。HHI以行业中每个竞争者市场份额百分点的平方数之和求得。理论上说，其范围从最大的10000(1个垄断者占有100％的市场份额)专注金融培训服务鹏生教育—高端财经培训专家！4到最小的不到1(有许多竞争者，每个竞争者的市场份额不到l％)。司法部的指引将HHI值小于1000的归类为非集中行业，将介于1000—1800之间的行业视为适度集中行业，而将大于1800的行业归类为高度集中行业。赫芬达尔—赫希曼指数(Herfindahl-HirschmanIndex，简称HHI）什么是赫芬达尔—赫希曼指数赫芬达尔—赫希曼指数，简称赫芬达尔指数，是一种测量产业集中度的综合指数[1]。它是指一个行业中各市场竞争主体所占行