高三英语总复习之基本句型

高三英语总复习之基本句型一、句子成分主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。MissYangisachemistryteacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、让步和伴随。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.Theteachercamein,withabookinhishand.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）主补：对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（名词）Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）TowearafloweristosayI’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）（常见的连系动词有:be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）...等等)Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.二、Exercises：（一）分析下列句子成分：1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.7.Iloveyoumorethanher,child.8.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching.13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Don'tgetnervous;helpyourselftowhatyoulike.16.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.17.Hedidn'tcome.Thatiswhyhedidn'tknow.18.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures.19.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.20.I’llgetmyhaircuttomorrow.21.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.22.ThecarsmadeinJapanarebetterthanthoseinGermany．23.Therearesomanypeopleinthehallthatit'shardformetofindhim.24.Nomatterhowdifficultthetaskmaybe,wemustfulfillitthismonth.25.Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.26.Wemustdowhateverthepeoplewantustodo.27.Atlasthegothome,tiredandhungry.28.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?29.Maryhandedherhomeworktotheteacher.30.Doyouknowthelatestnewsabouthim?（二）请说出下列短文各句中的句子成分：Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.（三）给下列短文加上标点符号：Duringabullfightadrunksuddenlywanderedintothemiddleoftheringthecrowdbegantoshoutbutthedrunkdidn'trealizedthedangerthebullwasbusywiththematador(斗牛士)atthetimebutitsuddenlycaughtsightofthedrunkwhowaswearingaredcapthebullforgotallaboutthematadorandrushedtothedrunkthecrowdsuddenlygrewquietthedrunkhoweverseemedquitesureofhimselfwhenthebullgotclosehimhesteppedasidetoletitpassthecrowdburstintocheersandthedrunkbowedbythistimehoweverthreemenhadcomeintotheringandtheyquicklydraggedthedrunkoutsideeventhebullseemedtofellsorryforhimforitlookedonsympatheticallyuntilthedrunkwasoutofthewaybeforeoncemoredrewitsattentiontothematador.三、简单句的基本句型1.主语＋谓语本结构是由“主语+不及物动词（词组）”构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如，Shecame./Myheadaches./Thesunrises.该句型的主语可有修饰语---定语，如，Theredsunrises.谓语可有修饰语---状语，如，Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.主语＋谓语＋宾语此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。宾语可以是名词、代词、数词，动名词、动词不定式或词组、the+形容词、分词以及从句等。如