微观经济学chapter2-6习题答案

Chapter2ThinkingLikeanEconomistsTRUEORFALSE1.Economistsdevisetheories,collectdata,andthenanalyzethesedatainanattempttoverifyorrefutetheirtheories.(T)2.Whilethescientificmethodisapplicabletostudyingnaturalsciences,itisnotapplicabletostudyinganation’seconomy.(F)3.Itisdifficultforeconomiststomakeobservationsanddeveloptheories,butitiseasyforeconomiststorunexperimentstogeneratedatatotesttheirtheories.(F)4.Goodassumptionssimplifyaproblemwithoutsubstantiallyaffectingtheanswer.(T)5.Assumptionscansimplifythecomplexworldandmakeiteasiertounderstand.(T)6.Economicmodelsomitmanydetailstoallowustoseewhatistrulyimportant.(T)7.Thecircular-flowdiagramexplains,ingeneralterms,howtheeconomyisorganizedandhowparticipantsintheeconomyinteractwithoneanother.(T)8.Inthecircular-flowdiagram,householdsandfirmsarethedecisionmakers.(T)9.Inthecircular-flowdiagram,factorsofproductionarethegoodsandservicesproducedbyfirms.(F)10.Inthecircular-flowdiagram,firmsownthefactorsofproductionandusethemtoproducegoodsandservices.(F)11.Inthecircular-flowdiagram,onelooprepresentstheflowofgoodsandservices,andtheotherlooprepresentstheflowoffactorsofproduction.(F)12.Theproductionpossibilitiesfrontierisagraphthatshowsthevariouscombinationsofoutputsthattheeconomycanpossiblyproducegiventheavailablefactorsofproductionandtheavailableproductiontechnology.(T)13.RefertoFigure2-1,ifthiseconomyusesallitsresourcesinthedishwasherindustry,itproduces35dishwashersandnodoghouses.(T)Figure2-114.RefertoFigure2-1,itispossibleforthiseconomytoproduce75doghouses.(F)15.RefertoFigure2-1,itispossibleforthiseconomytoproduce30doghousesand20dishwashers.(T)16.RefertoFigure2-1,itispossibleforthiseconomytoproduce45doghousesand30dishwashers.(F)17.RefertoFigure2-1,unemploymentcouldcausethiseconomytoproduceatpointB.(T)18.RefertoFigure2-1,theopportunitycostofmovingfrompointAtopointDis10dishwashers.(T)19.RefertoFigure2-1,theopportunitycostofmovingfrompointBtopointDis15doghouses.(F)20.RefertoFigure2-1,theopportunitycostofanadditionaldoghouseincreasesasmoredoghousesareproduced.(T)21.Ifaneconomycanproducemoreofonegoodwithoutgivingupanyofanothergood,thentheeconomy’scurrentproductionpointisinefficient.(T)22.Whenaproductionpossibilitiesfrontierisbowedoutward,theopportunitycostofthefirstgoodintermsofthesecondgoodincreasesasmoreofthesecondgoodisproduced.(F)23.Aproductionpossibilitiesfrontierwillbebowedoutwardifsomeoftheeconomy’sresourcesarebettersuitedtoproducingonegoodthananother.(T)24.Whiletheproductionpossibilitiesfrontierisausefulmodel,itcannotbeusedtoillustrateeconomicgrowth.(F)25.Microeconomicsisthestudyofhowhouseholdsandfirmsmakedecisionsandhowtheyinteractinspecificmarkets.(T)26.Macroeconomicsisthestudyofeconomy-widephenomena.(T)27.Economistsactingasscientistsmakepositivestatements,whileeconomistsactingaspolicyadvisersmakenormativestatements.(T)28.Normativestatementsdescribehowtheworldis,whilepositivestatementsprescribehowtheworldshouldbe.(F)29.Otherthingsequal,anincreaseinsupplycausesadecreaseinpriceisanormativestatement,notapositivestatement.(F)30.Thereisonlyoneexplanationforwhyeconomistsgiveconflictingadviceonpolicyissues,anditisthattheyhavedifferentvaluesaboutwhatpolicyshouldtrytoaccomplish.(F)31.Theslopeofalineisequaltothechangeinthex-variabledividedbythechangeinthey-variable.(F)Chapter3InterdependenceAndTheGainsFromTradeTRUEORFALSE1.Interdependenceamongindividualsandinterdependenceamongnationsarebothbasedonthegainsfromtrade.(T)2.Ifapersonchoosesself-sufficiency,thenshecanonlyconsumewhatsheproduces.(T)3.IfWrexcanproducemoremathproblemsperhourandmorebookreportsperhourthanMaxinecan,thenWrexcannotgainfromtradingmathproblemsandbookreportswithMaxine.(F)4.Tradeallowsacountrytoconsumeoutsideitsproductionpossibilitiesfrontier.(T)5.Opportunitycostreferstohowmanyinputsaproducerrequirestoproduceagood.(F)6.Opportunitycostmeasuresthetrade-offbetweentwogoodsthateachproducerfaces.(T)7.Foracountryproducingtwogoods,theopportunitycostofonegoodwillbetheinverseoftheopportunitycostoftheothergood.(T)8.Ifoneproducerhastheabsoluteadvantageintheproductionofallgoods,thenthatsameproducerwillhavethecomparativeadvantageintheproductionofallgoodsaswell.(F)9.Ifacountryhasthecomparativeadvantageinproducingaproduct,thenthatcountrymustalsohavetheabsoluteadvantageinproducingthatproduct.(F)10.Ifoneproducerisabletoproduceagoodataloweropportunitycostthansomeotherproducer,thentheproducerwiththeloweropportunitycostissaidtohaveanabsoluteadvantageintheproductionofthatgood.(F)11.Unlesstwopeoplewhoareproducingtwogoodshaveexactlythesameopportunitycosts,thenonepersonwillhaveacomparativeadvantageinonegood,andtheotherpersonwillhaveacomparativeadvantageintheothergood.(T)12.Theprincipleofcomparativeadvantagestatesthat,regardlessofthepriceatwhichtradetakesplace,everyonewillbenefitfromtradeiftheyspecializeintheproductionofthegoodforwhichtheyhaveacomparativeadvantage.(F)13.Tradecanbenefiteveryoneinsocietybecauseitallowspeopletospecializeinactivitiesinwhichtheyhaveacomparativeadvantage.(T)14.Twocountriescanachievegainsfromtradeevenifonecountry