有机发光二极管(OLED)的发展和应用

(OLED)(09100871)OLED1.21(electroluminescence,EL)20p-n(light-emittingdiode,LED)LEDLED[1](CRT)CRT(LCD)TFT-LCDLCDCRTOLED12009OLED2.OLEDA.Bernanose501960NewYorkM.PopeOLED1963Pope[2]tetracene400V201965W.HelfrichW.G.SchneiderPope[3]PopeOLED70HidekiShirakawa1975R.Partridge(polymerLED,PLED)[4][5]1987KodakC.W.TangOLED(fig1)[6]OLED8-(Alq3)OLEDfig1:TangOLEDfig2OLED290OLEDOLED(fig2)3.OLED[7]3.1NNNN“”fig3:fig4:(a)(b)(c)(d)310“”“”——“”N“P”PN(doping)PN3.2P-NPNP-NPNNPPNP-NNPPNP-NNPP4fig5:LED(LED)LEDfig5LED3.3vanderWaals(HOMO)(LUMO)HOMOLUMOHOMOLUMOHOMOLUMOHOMOLUMOHOMOLUMOVandeWaalsGaussHOMOLUMOLUMO3.4“”Pauli“”5fig6:(fig6)3.5OLED(ITO)MgLiOLED(HTL)(ETL)(EML)OLED4.OLED[8]4.1OLEDITO(EML)(ETL)(HTL)4.2OLED1987KodakC.W.TangTPDHTL8-(Alq3)ETLEMLITOMg:AgOLEDOLEDHTLETLTPD/Alq3Alq36fig7:(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)4.3OLEDOLEDcd/m^2OLEDfig8:-fig9:-4.4OLED4.4.1(1)400-700nm(2)(3)(4)74.4.2OLEDITO(1)AgLiMg(2)Mg:Ag(10:1)Li:Al(0.6%Li)(3)LiFAl2O3Al(4)4.4.38-(Alq3)1,2,4-4.5OLEDHTL,ETLEMLAdachiOLED8fig10:OLEDfig11:OLED4.6OLEDNPBDCMAlq35.OLEDOLEDOLEDOLEDOLED5.1OLEDOLEDOLEDMP3fig12:1999OLEDCCDOLEDAlq3OLED9fig13:OLEDOLEDOLEDfig14:FörrestITOMg:AlITOOLEDITOOLED(LCD)5.2OLEDOLED5.2.1(PMOLED)(1)OLED10fig15:PMOLED(2)NMNMfig16:OLED5.2.2(AMOLED)100%11OLED5.3OLEDOLED(PET)OLEDOLEDTFTLCDOLEDfig17,fig18:OLED5.4OLEDOLEDLCD(1)1mmLCD(2)(3)LCD(4)LCD(5)40(6)180(7)LCD(8)(1)(2)(3)125.5OLEDOLEDOLEDOLEDYutakaOhmori2009OLED-100mfig20:OLEDfig21:13fig19:OLED-fig22:-5.6OLEDOLEDOLEDOLEDOLEDOLED5OLEDOLED2009OLEDLED2OLEDfig23:OLED6.OLEDOLEDOLEDOLEDOLED10OLED0914[1]2005[2]PopeM,KallmannHP,MagnanteP.JChemPhys,1963,38:2042.[3]HelfrichW,SchneiderWG.PhysRevLett,1965,14:229.[4]WikipediaentryOrganiclight-emittingdiode,2009[5]VincenttPS,BarlowWA,HannRA,RobertGG.ThinsolidFilms,1982,94:171.[6]TangCW,VanslykeSA.ApplPhysLett,1987,51:913.[7]JosephShinar,OrganicLight-EmittingDevices.Ames,IA,USA:2003[8]ZhigangLi,HongMeng,OpticalScienceandEngineering,Vol.111OrganicLight-EmittingMaterialsandDevices.Rochester,NY,USA:200715