11.英语句子的种类

英语句子的种类一、句子种类两种分类法(一)、按句子的用途可分四种：1、陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2、疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3、祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4、感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!1、陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。Shearrivedearly.Shecannothavearrivednow.注：1）半否定句Ihardlyknowanythingaboutit.2）部分否定句与全否定句Idon’tlikeboththefilms.IlikeneitherCathynorMary.3)否定转移Idon’tthinkitwillbeverycoldtoday.(believe,expect,suppose,imagine)2、疑问句（1）疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题，询问情况。分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。(2)、疑问句的分类1）一般疑问句用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或no，注意语序。Haveyouanythingtosay?Didsomeonephonemelastnight?否定疑问句Can’tyouunderstandit?Isn’titabeautifullake?---Haven’tyoubeentotheUK?---No,Ihaven’t.2）特殊疑问句1.特殊疑问句的定义;以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：whatwhowhomwhosewhichwhenwherehowwhy等。2.特殊疑问句有两种语序（1）陈述语序Whowasthefirstmaninspace?（2）倒装语序Whomareyoutalkingabout?注：A、简略式Whynotgoalone?Whygetsoangry?How/Whatabouttakingarest?B、复杂特殊疑问句Whatdoyouthinkhehasdone?3）选择疑问句选择疑问句（alternativequestions）一般提出两种或两种以上的可能，问对方选择哪一种。其结构可用一般疑问句，也可用特殊疑问句，供选择的两部分由or连接，前者用升调，后者用降调，如：Willyougotherebybusorbytrain？Whatwouldyoulike，coffeeortea？(1)以一般疑问句为基础Isheateacheroradoctororapoliceman?ShallIhelpyouorcanyoumanage?(2)以特殊疑问句为基础Whichdoyouprefer,redwineorwhite?Howshallwegothere?Bybusorbytrain?(3)ornot构成的选择疑问句Doyouwanttobuyitornot？4)：反意疑问句A、含义：在一个陈述句之后附上一个简短的疑问句，对陈述句提出相反的疑问，这种疑问句叫反意疑问句。如：1.Heisclever,isn’the?2.WespeakChinese,don’twe?B、结构：结构一：前肯，+后否eg.Heisclever,isn’the?结构二：前否，+后肯eg.Heisn’tclever,ishe?结构一：前肯，+后否Be动词：1.Youareanactor,_____________?2.Heisagoodboy,______________?3.Itwasfineyesterday,__________?4.YouwerestudyingwhenIcalledyoulastnight,_______________?5.Sheisgoingtovisitme,_________?6.IamChinese,____________?aren’tyouisn’thewasn’titweren’tyouisn’tshearen’tI行为动词：1.Itoftenrainshere,___________?2.Helikessoccer,_____________?3.Youhaveaheadache,__________?4.Icalledyouyesterday,_________?其它动词：1.YouwillgotoAmerica,_________?2.WehaveeverbeentoShanghai,_______________?doesn’titdoesn’thedon’tyoudidn’tIwon’tyouhaven’tweC、特殊用法(一）1.Hismotherisadoctor,__________?2.Thedogsarefighting,____________?3.Thereisaboyinourclassroom,______________?4.Thereweremanycarsinthestreet,_________________?5.Therewillberobotsinourfamilies,______________?isn’tshearen’ttheyisn’tthereweren’ttherewon’tthere三、特殊用法(二）6.Sitdownplease,_______________?7.Pleasecallme,_________________?8.Let’sgohome,________________?9.Letusgohome,________________?10.Letmesee,__________________?will/won’tyoushall/shan’twewill/won’tyouwill/won’tyouwill/won’tyou结构二：前否，+后肯1.Youaren’tanactor,__________?2.Heisn’tagoodboy,___________?3.Itwasn’tfineyesterday,________?4.Itdoesn’trainhere,__________?5.Hissisterdoesn’thaveaheadache,_____________?6.Youdidn’tcallmeyesterday,____________?areyouishedoesitdoesshewasitdidyou7.Youwon’tgotoU.S.A.,__________?8.Thereisn’taboyinourclassroom,_____________?9.Thereweren’tmanycarsinthestreet,______________?10.Don’tsmoke,____________?11.Don’tlet’sdoit,____________？willyouisthereweretherewillyoushallwe3、祈使句表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。1）带第二人称的祈使句Bequiet,please.Don’tmakeanynoise!Youcallataxi.Don’tyouforgetit.(强调)Givemeahand,will/won’t/would/wouldn't’you?2）带第一、三人称的祈使句Letmetryagain.Let’sgo.Letusgo.Let’snotsayanythingaboutit./Don’tlet’ssay…Lethimbehereby10o’clock.注意：1、加强语气Dobecarefulofmybrokenleg.Doletmehaveanothertry.2、祈使句的省略式A:ShallIopenthewindow?B:Yes,pleasedo./No,pleasedon’t.A:Shallwewatchthegame?B:Yes,let’s.4、“感叹句”所谓感叹句，就是用来表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。Whatagoodtimewehadlastnight!Whatinterestingfilms!Whatfineweatherwehavetoday!Howfoolishsheis!Howclearlyyouspeak!Howcleveraboyheis!A、感叹句的句式感叹句一般由what或how开头，句末加感叹号“！”。What修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词、动词。一）以what开头的感叹句1.“What+a(an)+形容词+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)！”如：Whatacleverboy(heis)!Whatapity!2.“What+形容词+复数可数名词+（主语+谓语）！”如：Whatbeautifulflowers(theyare)!3.“What+形容词+不可数名词+（主语+谓语）！”如：Whatfreshmilk(itis)!Whatfun!二）以how开头的感叹句1.“How+形容词+主语+谓语！”如：Howbeautifulthegirlis!2.“How+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词+（主语+谓语）+……！”如：Howgoodanexamplehesetforus!3.“How+副词+主语+谓语！”如：Howfastheruns!4.“How+主语+谓语！”如：Howtimeflies!B、陈述句变为感叹句的方法把一个陈述句变为感叹句时，常使用“一分二加三换位四去掉”的方法。具体步骤为：第一步：“一分”，即在谓语动词后面划一双竖线，使句子分为两部分。如：Heis‖averyhonestboy.他是一个诚实的孩子。LiLeiworks‖veryhard.李雷学习很刻苦。第二步：“二加”即如果第二部分的中心词是名词，就加上what；如果是形容词或副词，就加上how.如：Heis‖(what)averyhonestboy.LiLeiworks‖(how)veryhard.第三步：“三换位”即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置，句号换位感叹号。如：Whataveryhonestboyheis!HowveryhardLiLeiworks!第四步：“四去掉”即原陈述句中含有very,too等程度副词时，在变成感叹句时要去掉。以上两个句子就应该变为以下形式：Whatanhonestboyheis!HowhardLiLeiworks!C、特殊形式的感叹句一）在陈述句或疑问句句尾加感叹号，表示某种强烈的感情。如：Heisakind-heartedman!Haveyoueverreadsuchaninterestingbookbefore!二）用词或短语表示的感叹句。如：Wonderful!妙极了！Goodidea!好主意！Welldone!干得好！Great!棒极了！D.感叹句的转换what与how引导的感叹句，一般情况下可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。如：Whataninterestingstoryitis!=Howinterestingthestoryis!whatabeautifulbuildingitis!=Howbeautifulthebuildingis!Exercise:一。用How,What(a/an)填空1.____aheavybox!2.____heavytheboxis!3.____hardwork!4.____hardtheworkis!5.____wonderfulthefilmis!6.____awonderfulfilm!1.________deliciousfooditis!2.________interestingfilm!3.________