名词性从句

一、名词性从句概述二、名词性从句要点1.主语从句1)that从句位于句首时,that不能省略。如:Thatyoumadesuchamistakeisashame.2)有时可用形式主语it代替主语从句,即将it放在句首,将主语从句放在句末,以避免句子头重脚轻。如：Itisnotknownyetwhereshehasgone.2.宾语从句1)当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时,需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：Imadeitclearthatweweredeterminedtocarryouttheplan.2)当主句的主语是第一人称，且谓语为think,believe,suppose,expect等动词时,如果宾语从句表示否定意思,通常否定前移,即否定主句的谓语。如：Idon'tthinkRaywillmind.Idon'tbelievehecanmakearightchoice.3)宾语从句亦可用作介词或形容词的宾语。如：Thenewsmanwasverymuchinterestedinwhatwasgoingoninthatarea.Theyaredoubtfulwhetheritistrueornot.4)引导宾语从句的连词that在口语中可省略,但在下列情况中，that需保留：a.主、从句之间有表示时间等的状语时that不能省略，否则会产生歧义。如：Thegeographyteachertoldusyesterdaythatthenearestneighbouroftheearthisthemoon.b.主、从句之间有插入语时不可省去that。如:—It'sthirtyyearssincewelastmet.—ButIstillremember,believeitornot,thatwegotlostonarainynight.c.引导两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第二个以及第二个以后的宾语从句中的连词that不能省略。如：FromwhatiswrittenhereIcanseeyouhadaverybadcoldthreeyearsagoandthatyoualsohadasmalloperationlastyear.3.表语从句1)当主语是reason,且后面的表语从句表示原因时通常用that引导;而当it,this或that作主语,后面的表语从句常用because或why引导。如：ThereasonwhyIamlateforworkisthatthetrainislate.Thisisbecauseeveryonehashisowninterest.That'swhywedecidedtoputoffthediscussion.2)表语从句还可由asif/asthough引导。asif/asthough引导表语从句时,主句中的动词可用be,seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel等。如：Itseemsasif/asthoughheknowseverything.Ifeltasif/asthoughmyheartwouldburstwithjoy.4.同位语从句1)同位语从句通常由that引导，但what,why,how,whether,when,where等有时也可引导同位语从句。如：Ithinkthereisalittleprobabilitythattheywillsucceedinthisexperiment.Thequestionwhetherheshouldbeinvitedisnotformetodecide.Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.2)可接同位语从句的通常是一些表示抽象意义的名词,常见的有news,idea,fact,belief,message,conclusion,decision,doubt,hope,chance,thought等。如：WewereveryexcitedatthenewsthatourChineseathleteswonmanygoldmedals.Thefactthattheagreementwassignedwasimportant.3)同位语从句有时不直接跟在它所解释说明的名词后面,而是被其它成分隔开。如：Thequestioncameupatthemeetingwhetherwehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.三、引导名词性从句的连接词辨析1.what与that1)what引导名词性从句时不仅起连接作用，而且在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：Whatmakestheschoolproudisthatmorethan90%ofitsstudentshavebeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.Hehasfullyliveduptowhathepromised.Iwanttoknowwhatthedifficultyisnow.Jackcollectedwhatinformationhecouldfind.2)that引导名词性从句时只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分。2.whether与if1)whether引导的主语从句可位于句首或句尾,而if不能引导位于句首的主语从句。如：Whetheritrainsornotdoesn'tconcernme.It'sstilluncertainif/whetherhe'scomingornot.2)whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句,if则不能。如：Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.Weoughttodiscussthequestionwhetherweshoulddoit.3)whether可引导介词后的宾语从句,if则不能。如：HewasworriedaboutwhetherhepassedtheEnglishexamination.4)whether后可直接跟ornot,if则不能。如：Ireallydon'tcarewhetherornothewillstay.3.whoever与whomever在正式语体中,whomever是whoever的宾格形式;在非正式语体中,人们用whoever来代替whomever。如：Whomeveryouinvitewillbewelcome.Giveittowhoever/whomeveryoulike.4.whatever与whichever与whatever相比，whichever常有明确的选择范围。如：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.Allthebooksarehere.Youmayborrowwhicheveryoulike.名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。考查要点主要是连接代词和副词的正确使用，主语、谓语的语序，双重连接词以及特殊句型的使用等。其考点主要包括：1.名词性从句的连接词。如：有词义的连接代词who,whose,whom,what,which;连接副词when,where,why,how;从属连词that,whether,if,asif;无词义的that在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略。2.名词性从句的语序和时态。3.it作形式主语、形式宾语的情况。如：1)It＋be＋形容词＋that从句2)It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句3)It＋be＋名词＋that从句4)It＋不及物动词(appear,happen等)＋that从句4.名词性从句中的虚拟语气。如：1)Itis(was)＋essential(important,natural…)＋that…；2)Itis(was)suggested(demanded,wished,desired…)that…等。5.what引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。如：what＝thethingthat/anythingthat…；what＝theplacethat…；what＝thetimethat…；what＝thepersonthat…等。6.whoever,whatever,whichever引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。重点考查连接词that,what的用法；特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句；wh-ever引导的名词性从句。选用方框内合适的连接词填空(每词限用一次)。where,whether,whoever,how,that1.Everyyear,_________makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.(北京2017)whoever2.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowing________shewasheading.(北京2017)3.Sheaskedme_______Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.(天津2017)wherewhether4.Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis________onecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.(北京2016)5....thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly________thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(2015新课标全国卷II)thathowI.根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。1.__________________________(他们今天是否来)isnotknownyet.2.Idon'tknow_________________________(为什么乔治又来晚了).3.WhatIwanttoknowis_______________________(谁呆在办公室里)lastnight．WhethertheywillcometodaywhyGeorgecamelateagainwhostayedintheoffice4.________________(据报道)thatnobodywasinjuredorkilledinthefire.5._________________(无论谁做了这件事)willsoonerorlaterbecaughtandwillbepunished.6.Theydidn'tlikemysuggestion_____________________________________________(我们一起去海边度假).7.___________________(现在我们需要的东西)isnotmoneybutlove.ItwasreportedWhoeverdidthisthatweWhatweneednow(should)spendourholidayattheseaside8.________________________(我们不相信)thattheycancompletethetaskaheadoftime.9.________________(它是奇怪的)thathewilllivethere.10._________________________(她将拒绝那份工作)seemsunlikely.ThatshewillrefusethejobWedon'tbelieve/WedoubtItisstrangeII.用适当的连接词完成下面对话或短文。AJane:Isthereanypossibility1.________youcouldgoshoppingwithmetomorrow?Mary:Iamnotsure.Ihavenoidea2.________themee