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1词汇题概述题量：新托福阅读考试中一篇文章一般有2--3道甚至更多词汇题。一般每题1分，出现频率非常高。目的：词汇题主要检测考生对于某一个单词或词组的理解。特点：被考查的单词或词组在原文中会被高亮突出显示，非常方便考生在原文中定位，要做的就是从4个选项中选择一个最佳的选项。本质：选择在特定语境下可以相互替换的单词或词组。例：Oneresultofrentcontrolisadecreaseintheconstructionofnewrentalunits.Rentcontrolshaveartificiallydepressedthemostimportantlong-termdeterminantofprofitability–rents.Theworddepressedisclosestinmeaningto(TOEFL,1997.1)A.saddenedB.createdC.loweredD.defeated词汇题类型新托福阅读中的词汇题可以分成两大类型：单词类和词组类。A.词汇题（单词类）Theword…inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto.…Theword…couldbebestreplacedby….B.词汇题（词组类）Thephrase…inthepassagemeans.…Instating…theauthormeansthat….Thephrase…inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto.Thephrase…couldbebestreplacedby….词汇题解题思路（一）词汇题可以遵循以下三个原则着手解题：词汇线索原则、语境线索原则及词汇+语境线索原则。一、词汇线索原则:以单词识别能力为主，以构词识别能力为辅(单词识别能力由词汇量多寡决定)；巧用词缀、词干解题(构词识别能力)。例1：Thisunprecedenteddevelopmentofafinitegroundwaterresourcewithanalmostnegligiblenaturalrechargerate–thatis,virtuallynonaturalwatersourcetoreplenishthewatersupply,hascausedwatertablesintheregiontofalldrastically.ThewordunprecedentedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoA.difficulttocontrolB.withoutanyrestrictionC.unlikeanythinginthepastD.rapidlyexpanding例2：Flag,lightpiecesofcloth,isusuallyrectangularinshape,butvaryinginsize,color,anddesign,andintendedforuseasanemblemorasakindofsignalingdevice.Theflag,themostcommonsymbolofnationalidentityinthemodemworld,isalsooneofthemostancient.Thetraditionalflagoffabricisstillusedtomarkbuildings,ships,anddiplomaticcaravansbynationalaffiliation,butitsvisualdesignmakesitadaptableforotherrolesaswell.Mostflagshaveacompact,rectangularshapeanddistinctvisualsymbolism.Theirstrongcolorsandgeometricpatternsareusuallyinstantlyrecognizableevenifminiaturizedtolessthanasquarecentimeter.Imagesofflagscanthusserveasidentifyingiconsonairliners,televisionbroadcasts,andcomputerdisplays.…ThewordminiaturizedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoA.publicizedB.coloredC.madebrighterD.madesmaller解题关键：前缀mini-和后缀-ize.2例3Thelargehindlegswereusedforpropulsioninwater.Onland,whereitprobablybredandgavebirth,ambulocetusmayhavemovedaroundverymuchlikeamodernsealion.ThewordpropulsioninthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoA.stayingafloatB.changingdirectionC.decreasingweightD.movingforward据构词法，该词由三个部分组成：前缀pro-,词干pul和后缀-sion.只要认识前缀pro-,此题便迎刃而解。词汇题解题思路（二）语境线索原则如果词汇量足够，不必考虑通过语境推断词义去寻找答案。但是，……在词汇量不足的情况下，语境线索非常重要。1、下定义Religionisaworldwidephenomenonthathasplayedapartinallhumancultureandsoisamuchbroader,morecomplexcategorythanthesetofbeliefsorpracticesfoundinanysinglereligioustradition.TheCelticreligioncenteredontheworshipofapantheonofnaturedeities.Theirreligiousceremoniesincludedanimalsacrificesandvariousformsofmagic.Druidswerethepriestswholedthepeopleinthishighlyritualisticworship…ThewordDruidscouldbebestreplacedbyA.deitiesB.ceremoniesC.sacrificesD.priestsBe动词常被广泛地用以“下定义”。2、同位语ItisbelievedtohaveoriginatedamongtheEgyptians,probablybefore4000B.C.,andwasusedbythemformorethan30centuries.Seventeenth-centuryattemptstopreserveanatomicalspecimensbroughtaboutmodemtechniquesofembalming,thepreservationofthebodytissueafterdeathbyartificialchemicalmeans.Muchevidencedemonstratesthatembalmingisreligiousinorigin,conceivedasameansofpreparingthedeadforthelifeafterdeath.…ThewordembalminginthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoA.deathbyachemicalmeansB.thepreservationofbodytissueC.acommonagentrelatedtoformaldehydeD.thereplacementofbodyfluids除了逗号，有时也用破折号、方/圆括号、单/双引号等标点符号表示同位关系。3、并列连词Theinteractionofimprovedprocessingandhighdemandledtotherapidspreadofthecultivationofcottonandtoasurgeinproduction.(TOEFL:2003.1)ThewordsurgeinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoA.sharpincreaseB.suddenstopC.importantchangeD.excessamount考虑一下and的用法，答案也就出来了。（连接并列成分：结构一致、作用一致、感情色彩一致……）4、转折（一）TheAnasazilivedinhousesconstructedofadobeandwood.Anasazihouseswereoriginallybuiltinpitsandwereenteredfromtheroof.Butaroundtheyear700A.D.,theAnassazibegantobuildtheirhomesabovegroundandjointhemtogetherintoramblingmultistoriedcomplexes,whichtheSpanishcalledpueblosorvillages.(TOEFL:1997.8)ThewordpitsinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoA.stagesB.scarsC.seedsD.holes注意第三个句子中的“but”，它是转折连词，表示前后两种不同的情况（房子建造的地方）。除了but,常用的转折连词还有though,although,however.（可以称之为“显性”转折连词）34、转折（二）Huntingisatbestaprecariouswayofprocuringfood,evenwhenthedietissupplementedwithseedsandfruits.NotlongafterthelastIceAge,around7,000B.C.(duringtheNeolithicperiod),somehuntersandgatherersbegantorelychieflyonagriculturefortheirsustenance.Otherscontinuedtheoldpastoralandnomadicways.(TOEFL:2002.9)ThewordprecariousinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoA.uncertainB.humbleC.worthyD.unusual出题者巧妙地运用了“even”一词，带有一定的“欺骗性”：它一般被理解为“甚至”，表示递进的意思（或者更好，或者更坏）。但在这里，它和前面的“atbest”（充其量）构成了一种转折关系（取“尽管”之意）。相对于显性转折连词，我们把它称为隐性连词。类似的词还有“yet”,“instead”等。5、时间Windpowerisavirtuallyunlimitedsourceofenergyatfavorablesites,andevenexcludingenvironmentallysensitiveareas,theglobalpotentialofwindpowerismuchhigherthanthecurrentworldelectricityuse.Intheory,Argentina,Canada,Chile,China,Russia,andtheUnitedKingdomcouldusewindtomeetalloftheirenergyneeds.Windpowerexpertsprojectthatbythemiddleofthetwenty-firstcenturywindpowercouldsupp