搜索
一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who，whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人。(3）that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。（4）关系词只能用that的情况：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：Tomcameback，whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。Unit10BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft．TheFirstPeriodⅠ．TeachingAimsandDemands1．KnowledgeObjects（1）KeyVocabularyoversleep（2）TargetLanguageWhathappened?Ioverslept．AndbythetimeIgotup,mybrotherhadalreadygottenintheshower．2．AbilityObjects（1）Teachthestudentstousethenewwords．（2）TrainthestudentstonarratepasteventswiththePastPerfectTense．（3）Trainthestudents’listeningandspeakingskillswiththetargetlanguage．3．MoralObjectIt’sagoodhabittogotobedearlyintheeveningandgetupearlyinthemorning．Soyou’llneverbeinahurryinthemorning．Ⅱ．TeachingKeyPoints1．KeyVocabularyoversleep2．TargetLanguageNarratepasteventswiththePastPerfectTense【版权所有：21教育】Ⅲ．TeachingDifficultPoints1．TrainthestudentstonarratepasteventswiththePastPerfectTense．2．Trainthestudentstounderstandthetargetlanguageinspokenconversation．Ⅳ．TeachingMethods1．Thinkingofexamplesfromthestudents’reallives．21·cn·jy·com2．Makingsentencesbylookingatthepictures．Ⅴ．TeachingProceduresStepIRevision1．Asksomequestionslikethis:Whatvolunteerworkwouldyouliketodo?Helpthestudentstoanswer,I’dliketo…/Iloveto…/Ihopeto…【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】2．PracticethedialogueinActivity3conpage62again．3．Checkthestudents’homeworkbyaskingsomestudentstoreadtheirsentenceswiththephrasalverbs．Thenaskthestudentstohandintheirhomework．StepⅡ1aFirstwritebythetimeontheblackboard．andtelltheclassthemeaningofit．Saythissentencetotheclass:Bythetimetheteachercamein,thestudentshadbegunreadingEnglish．Tellthemtonotethestructurehadbeguninthissentence．Begunisthepastparticipleofbegin．Explainwhatisthepastparticipleformofaverbforthestudents．Tellthemitisasthesameasthepastformforaregularverb．Andtheyhavetoremembertheirregularverbs’participlesonebyone．WriteBythetimeIcameback…ontheblackboard．Saytotheclass,BythetimeIcamein．Whathadhappened?Helponestudenttoanswerlikethis,Bythetimetheteachercamein,Donhadwrittenhisnameontheblackboard．Thengetmorestudentstoanswerdifferently,Readtheinstructionstothestudentsandreadthesequestionstotheclassaswell．Whatdoyouusuallydoin,themorningbeforeschool?Doyoulikemorning?Whyorwhynot?Chooseonegoodstudenttoanswerthembysayingsomethingheorsheusuallydoesinthemorning．21*cnjy*comThenhavethewholeclasspracticeinpairs．Askeachotherthequestions．Aftertheyfinishtalking,askoneortwopairstosaytheirconversationstotheclass．Correctthemistakestheymaymakewiththeotherstudents．Callthestudents’attentiontothepicturesinActivityla．Thentellstudentstotalkaboutthepicturesingroupsoffour．Movearoundtheclassroom,listeningtostudentsandofferinghelp．MakesurethattheytalkinEnglish．Aftertheyallfinishtalking,askdifferentgroupstotelltheclassaboutthepictures．StepⅢ1bAskthestudentstoreadtheinstructionstogether．Havethemlookatthetwocolumns,AandB,inthechart．Pointoutthesampleanswer．Readthetwopartsofthesentence．Thengoovertheotherunconnectedpartsofsentences,too．Playtherecordingforthefirsttime．Studentsonlylisten．Thenplayitasecondtime．Letstudentsmatchtwopartsofeachsentence．Checktheanswersbyaskingsomestudentstotelltheiranswers．Makesurethatallofthemhavegotthe