云冈石窟英文介绍

佛教的经典杰作世界的艺术高峰数十个千年石窟数万尊佛雕中国的瑰丽宝库全人类的文化遗产WorldcultureheritageAtthesouthernfootofWuzhouMountain16kilometerswesttoDatong,ShanxiProvince,acolorfulandnewgrottoesarehidamongthegroves,whicharepraisedas“Oneoftheartisticpeakintheworld“byFrenchPresidentPompidou.Thegrottoesarechiseled（雕，刻；凿）atthefootofthemountain,stretchingaboutonekilometerfromeasttowest.Theseareabout53grottoesofdifferentsizesandmorethan51000Buddhist(佛教的)carves.ItisoneofthebiggestgrottoesofChinaandiscalledthethreeartisticgrottoesartistictreasure-houseinChinatogetherwithQianfocaveinDunhuangandLongmengrottoesinLuoyang.ItwasfirstchiseledinthefirstyearofYearHepinginNorthernWeiandMonkTanYaoatthattimechiseleditfordutyofEmperorWencheng.MostofthegrottoeswerefinishedintheeighteenthyearofYearTaiheinNorthernWeibeforethecapitalmovedtoLuoyang,whichlastedforfortyyears.Andthereweremorethan40000peopledidthejob.WhilethegrottoesstatueprojectlasteduntiltheperiodofEmperorZhengguangThehighestis17meterswhilethesmallestisonlyseveralcentimeters.Thegrottoesareverymagnificent(壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的),CaveNo.5andCaveNo.6andWuhuaCavearerichincontentandcanbecalledtheessences（本质，实质；精华）ofthegrottoesartistic.TheYungangGrottoesaredividedintothreeparts–eastpart,middlepartandwestpart.Therearefourcavesintheeastpart,ninecavesinthemiddlepart.Andfortycavesinthewestpart.TheYunganggrottoesinheritedanddevelopedthetraditionalartofQinandHanDynasty.ItalsoabsorbedtheessenceofforeigncultureandcreatedauniquestyleandservedasaconnectinglinktothelaterSuiandTangDynastyonart.ThisoccupiesanimportantplaceintheChineseartistichistory.TanYao’sFivecavesTanYao’sFiveCavesarethefirstchiseled（开凿）amongtheYungangGrottoesandtheyareverymagnificent.TheyarelocatedinthemiddleoftheYungangGrottoesandthereareCaveNo.16、CaveNo.17、CaveNo.18、CaveNo19andCaveNo.20.Weizi-BuddhismandTaolsmAnnals”,inthefirstyearsofYearHepinginNorthernWei,thefamousMonkTanYaoatthattimepresentedamemorialtotheEmperorWenchengtochiselfivecavesinWuzhouandcarvedfiveBuddhasshapedasEmperorWeiDaowu.EmperorMingyuan,EmperorTaiwu,EmperorJingmuandEmperorWencheng.AndthisisTanYao’sFiveCavestoday.WuhuaCaveshasCaveNo.9、CaveNo.10、CaveNo.11、CaveNo12andCaveNo.13.Ithasvariousofartisticstyles.WuhuaCave、CaveNo5andCaveNo.6aretheessencesofthecarvingartintheYungangGrottoes.AndtheyalsoofferalotOfimaginginformationtotheresearchofart,history,calligraphy（书法）,music,architecture,etc.TheYungangGrottoes–WestPartMostofthecavesareinthewestpartandeachhasitsownfeature,acclaimed.EspeciallyCaveNo.16toCaveNo.20inTanYao’sFiveCaves,theyarechiseledinaplannedwayunderthedirectionofTanYao.Itissaidthatthisfollowedtheorder,”theemperorisTathagata.”.TanYaodirectedthefiveemperors’figuressinceEmperorTaiZuinNorthernWeitothecliff.ontheSakyamuni（释迦摩尼）.CaveNo.16Buddhaistheyoungestoneanditissimulated(模仿)the20-yearoldandmoreEmperorWenchengreignedthen,AndtheBuddhais13.5metershigh.TheYungangGrottoes–EastPartCaveNo.1toCaveNo.2aredoublecaveswhicharesituatedintheeastofYungangGrottoes.InthemiddleofCaveNo.1,therecarvedtwofloorsofsquaretowerpillar.Attheback,therewasMaitreya（弥勒佛）.TheBuddhaaroundweremostlyweathered,thecarvedMonaural(维摩文殊)ontwosidesofthecavegateofthesouthwallandtheBuddhistadoptedstoryreliefonthelowerpartoftheeastwallwerewellpreserved.InthemiddleofCaveNo.2,therewasathreefloorsofsquaretowerpillar.Eachfloorcarvedthreeatticnichesaroundandalsocarvedfive-floor–towerontheinsidewallswhichweretheimaginginformationofthearchitectureinNorthernWei.WorldHeritageCommitteeappraised:LocatedinDatong,ShanxiProvince,theYungangGrottoeshave252nichesandmorethan51000BuddhistcaveartinChinafrom5Centuryto6Century.TanYao’sFiveCaveshaveawell-knitandunitedarrangementandtheyaretheclassicalmasterpiecesinthefirstpeakofChineseBuddhistart.