不定式

不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前forsb.;to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。不定式在七个感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice,listento,三个使役动词let,have,make等后作宾补时,to要省略非谓语动词形式•不定式：不一定什么形式，可当做名词，形容词，副词。作除了谓语以外各种成分。即主语，宾语，宾补，定语，状语，独立使用。•动名词：相当于名词。可做主语，宾语，表语和定语。•分词：相当于形容词和副词。充当定语，状语，补足语和表语。•本章重点：充当句子成分，时态和语态的变化以及逻辑主语。•Toshopishergreatestlove.•Indiansliketoeathotfood.•Itseemstobeaninterestingbook.•Hetoldmenottobringyouanything.•Soontheyleftnowatertodrink.•Thethieves’carwasbadlydamagedandeasytorecognize.•Tokeephealthy,Idomorningexercise.•Thequestionwheretospendtheholidyhasn’tbeendecidedyet.•Totellthetruth,Ididn’tlikeyoubefore.名称语法功能主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√•词性担任的成分•名词主，宾，表，同位语，独立成分•形容词定语，宾补，主补•副词状语•不定式仍保留动词的特点，因此具有语态和时态。不定式的时态和语态•四种体态主动被动•一般式towritetobewritten•完成式tohavewrittentohavebewritten•进行时tobewriting一般不用•完成进行时tohavebeenwriting一般不用•1）一般时：一般现在时表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。•Heseemstoknowthis.•Ihopetoseeyouagain=IhopethatI’llseeyouagain.•2)完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。•I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.•Heseemstohavecaughtacold.•3)进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。•Heseemstobeeatingsomething.•4)完成进行时：•Sheisknowntohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.不定式•作主语•Toloveforthesakeofbeingloveishuman,buttoloveforthesakeoflovingisangel.•形式主语•It’sbettertolovesomeoneyoucan’thavethantohavesomeoneyoucan’tlove.•Translate我们不可能再很短的时间内就掌握英语。ItisimpossibleforustomasterEnglishinashorttime.你在这里停车时违章的。Itisagainstthelawforyoutoparkyourcarhere.不定式在疑问句或者感叹句中做主语时，必须用先行词it做形式主语：Isitdifficulttorideahorse?Whatajoyitwastoseehim!•不定式可以有自己的逻辑主语，由for引出•Itisaterriblethingforadogtodielikethat.•It’llbeagreatshameforyoutoforgetme.•下列形容词做表语，逻辑主语由of引出•Careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good,kind,naughty,nice,polite,right,rude,silly,stupid,unwise,wise,wrongetc.•It’sunwiseofyoutogototheUnitedStatesatthistime=YouareunwisetogototheUnitedStatesatthistime.作宾语•及物动词或介词宾语•Inancienttimes,scholarslikedtoreadTheFourBooksandTheFiveClassics.•Hepretendsnottoseehisson’sdishonorablebehaviours.•这类动词常用的有begin,choose,desire,decide,expect,forget,hate,hope,learn,like,love,need,offer,prefer,promise,refuse,remember,start,try,want,wish,afford,aim,agree,arrange,desire,determine,hesitate,learn,long,mean,manage,plan,prepare,pretend等等•1V+疑问词+to•①Decide,know,consider,forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tell.•Pleaseshowushowtodothat.•Icann’ttellwhattodo.•Idon’tknowwhethertolaughortogetangry.•②双宾动词用不定式做间接宾语。•Headvisedmewhattodo•Itoldhimwheretolearnmusic.•③复合宾语用不定式做宾语，这时用“it”做形式宾语，而将不定式放到补语的后面。•Iconsideritahonortobeinvited.•2介词宾语(动名词可做介宾，不定式不能。但在介词about，except,but,rather或insteadof后可用）•Hesawnoalternativeexcepttofight.•Hedidnothingbuteat.(do后to可省略）•当介词前有nothing，anything等，but，except，than等三个介词后宾语to可省略。•Hehasnothingtodobutplaychess.•Hewilldoanythingexceptgotothecinemawithyou.•Hethoughttherewasnootherwayoutthanhanghisheadandadmithisguilt.作表语•Mypurposeistohelphim.•Toreadistotravelindistantcountriesandancientlands.•Allshedidwastokeepsilent.•做同位语•Hisidealtobeaworkerhasbeenrealized.•Hishopetogetscholarshipwasinvain.•Ihaveonlyoneaiminlife-toeatandtosleep.•Hehasachievedhisaimtoswimacrosstheriver.•作宾补(P79)作定语•A宾语关系•Ihavealettertowrite.•Ineedapentowrite.＊•Ineedsomepapertowrite.＊•比较Shehastwoletterstotype.Shehastwoletterstobetyped.•Theysayapersonneedsthreethingstobetrulyhappyinthisworld—someonetolove,somethingtodoandsomethingtohopefor.AccordingtotheChinesetraditionoftheWaterSplashingFestive,themorewateryoupouroversomeonethemoreluckyougivethem,sowegaveeachotheragoodhoursofhairsoakingandeye-reddeninglucktoremembereachotherby.•B主语关系•ThemantohelpyouisMrJohnson.•Haveyougotakeytounlockthisdoor.•Hewasthesecondpersontobekilledinthisway.•C同位语关系•Theneedtoloveandtobelovedseemsuniversal.Maybethisisonetraitthatseparateshumanbeingsfromotheranimals.•1与动词相关的名词。如：arrangement,attempt,claim,decision,hope,determination,failure,need,plan,promise,refusal,resolution,tendency,threat,wish等等。•Hisrefusaltoco-operatewithusmakesusangry•Herefusedtoco-operatewithus.•2与形容词相关的名词。Ability，ambition,anxiety,eagerness,inclination,reluctance.•Herreluctancetoaccepthisinvitationupsethim.•Shewasreluctanttoaccepthisinvitation.•Theireagernesstohelppleasedme.•Theywereeagertohelpme.•inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakerisks,toconfronttheunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymay“fail”atfirst.Howweseeourselvesaswetryanewwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrow.•D状语关系•1方式状语关系•RoleplayingisasafeandenjoyablewaytolearnEnglish.•Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.•Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreallyends;therearealwaysnewwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengetoaccept.•2时间状语关系。•ThetimetogoisJuly.•3地点状语关系。•AgoodplacetoeatistheSichuanrestaurantaroundthecorner.作状语•目的状语，结果，条件及原因状语。•A目的状语：•Hatingpeopleislikeburningdownyourownhousetogetridofarat.•I’dclimbthehighestmountain,justtoseeyousmile.I’dswimtheocean,justtoholdyourhand.I’drunamillionmiles,justtobewithyouforever.•Toa