欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟欟100732200433CXJJ-2011-343211。2012-03-101950-、。。。。。1982~20102100。。F249.21A1007-7685201205-0001-08“、、”“、、”。1982~2010。、、。。、。h0NN=∫∞0Nhdh1。Nhh。NeNe=∫∞0uhNhhdh2。uhh1-uh。thhahuNe=uhN3。Yt=AKtβuthtNt1-β—1—·20125hatψ4。hatψA。1、。、1.。。。、。2。“”。3“、”。、、。4、、、、。。52.。。。1870。、。2070。。6、、。。1929~19570.93%。0.67%2.93%22.87%。7、。8。7%40%。9。20091952~1984、1985~19981952~199839.45%、35.54%36.52%4%、2.83%3.54%。103.。30。119826.0420058.38。19822000。198210.69%200524.61%。。5。。①。119827.74200512.3。。—2—·20125①OECD2002EducationataGlanceGlossaryhttp//stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.aspID=5422。1%%%%%198262.8425.5210.690.95-6.136.83199053.3732.6211.842.17-6.828.91200037.1442.3115.425.140.098.1711.06200532.2243.3716.637.770.218.3812.3019646.5620.4552.5520.50-11.04-19783.8811.1252.2232.79-12.07-20003.517.3647.0742.057.1412.8414.7220052.446.0338.5752.958.2313.63-20072.467.0039.0051.548.1313.54-200011.8347.3440.422.1512.90-20056.6545.3847.97-13.70-200548.8921.9320.628.56-6.3010.82《》《No.10》2009。。120058.3819642.6620055.2520055.37。20053.99%0.79%。200512.32.42。1516。16。15。1982、1990、2000201066953、81976、9760811172715~6462003、75662、88798、99843。1982。1.。LFPR。。①WPOPLFPR。2.。。11982~2005。208090。209070%。U。23。15~24。1982~2005。。25。25~34。351982~1990。—3—·20125①ILO“Definitions”http//laborsta.ilo.org/applv8/data/c1e.html。11982~200523、3Net=uthtNt。trtutthttNt。①Ne=γyt∑∞x=15Ptxrtx5。yt—4—·20125①《1982~2050》《》20101。γptxtxrtxtx。γ1.46。11①1.。《2010~2020》2010~202012010~21002。22010~20149.72055~206013.52015~201910.52061~206413.72020~202411.22065~207013.92025~202911.62071~207414.12030~203412.02075~208014.22035~203912.42081~208514.42040~204412.72086~209014.62045~204913.02091~209414.82050~205413.32095~209915.02.。。。。32010~2100。1。201072.07210082.41201075.61210086.3。②20101.5621002.01。22010~2100。2005~20091.395③20502.07。32005~2009。3.。2010~2020、。、、、1990、2020~2100、3、4。。32010~210015~1920~2425~2930~3435~3940~4445~4950~5455~5960~6465+2010~201434.684.195.898.198.298.497.493.182.063.531.12015~201933.383.195.797.998.198.397.293.182.264.330.92020~202432.082.095.597.798.098.297.193.082.565.030.7—5—·20125①②③52010~2014、2015~20195。TFR。2005~200920051%2006~20091‰1.395。15~1920~2425~2930~3435~3940~4445~4950~5455~5960~6465+2025~203420.075.095.597.597.597.596.091.582.065.027.52035~204915.065.092.595.095.095.094.590.082.063.525.02050~209910.050.090.095.095.095.093.590.082.062.020.042010~210015~1920~2425~2930~3435~3940~4445~4950~5455~5960~6465+2010~201438.784.291.491.292.093.286.864.046.229.38.82015~201936.482.691.791.592.493.487.964.546.330.69.02020~202434.081.092.091.792.793.789.065.046.432.09.12025~203420.075.085.085.085.087.587.565.060.032.010.02035~204915.065.075.070.075.080.080.065.055.032.010.02050~209910.050.065.060.065.070.070.065.055.032.010.02010~2100。2010~21004。42010~21004。2010~2039201082020~20248.32035~20397。2010~20392040。2040~2054。126.85.936.75.7。2050~210022050~20555.92075~208055。120505.92095~21004.1。320505.72095~21003.2。1982~2010、2010、、。125。201019824.6。—6—·2012551982~20102010~2100、6。2010~20491、232010~20143112045~2049904、899881。2050~2100。190412952904141332050~2054873926。62010~2100、。。“”“”。①—7—·20125①“”“”5“、、、”“”。《“”》《》20106。。。。。。。1RobertELucas1988“OntheMechanicsofEconomicDevelopment”JournalofMonetaryEconomics22342.2.23M.1972197.3J.Mincer1958“Investmentinhumancapitalandpersonalincomedistribution”TheJournalofPoliticalEconomyVol.66No.4pp.281-302.4·.———M.2002.58·.M.2007.6.J.19992.7E.F.Denison1962“UnitedStatesEconomicGrowth”TheJournalofBusinessVol.35No.2pp.109-121.9.M.200775-76.10.M.2009.11.———31J.20112.12UnitedNations2010“WorldPopulationProspects”&D-GrowthModel.January2009.Onlineathttp//mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14472/MPRAPaperNo.14472posted04.April2009.15WuXiming&PerloffJeffreyM.&GolanAmos.EffectsofgovernmentpoliciesonincomedistributionandwelfareR.Depart-mentofAgricultural&ResourceEconomicsUCBerkeleyWorkingPaperSeries53312002.16GaryBurtless.SocialPolicyfortheWorkingPoorU.S.ReforminaCross-NationalPerspective.seeGilbert&Parent2004p.30.17BenjaminMutagwaba.GovernmentExpenditureandIncomeinequalityinTanzaniaAPolicyDimensionR.http//-OstaJeffreyM.Gillespie.EffectofagriculturalpolicyonregionalincomeinequalityamongfarmhouseholdsJ.JournalofPolicyModeling.200931325340.19StuartJ.FowlerJenniferJ.Wilgus.March.IncomeIne-qualityMonetaryPolicyandtheBusinessCycleR.http//ideas.repec.org/p/mts/wpaper/200807.html.2008.20BenjaminDwayneetal.WelfaredistributionandpovertylivingstandardsinChinaduringthetransitionperiod.Unpublishedms.2004.21.EB/OL.http//news.163.com/11/0719/06/79ABPA4T00014AED.html.2011-07-19.—8—·20125