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©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:(20725311,20673141,20703063,20721140647);(973Pro2ject,2006CB202606,863Project,2006AA03Z341);:,,1964,,,,,,,,(,100190):,:;;;;;:TM91414:A:1674-3962(2009)07-0008-08ResearchandDevelopmentofDye2SensitizedSolarCellsYUZhexun,LIDongmei,QINDa,SUNHuicheng,ZHANGYiduo,LUOYanhong,MENGQingbo(InstituteofPhysics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100190,China)Abstract:Anoverviewoftheprogressinresearchofdye2sensitizedsolarcells(DSCs),includingtheirkeymaterials,e1g1photoanode,dye,electrolyteandcounterelectrode,ispresented.Meanwhile,recentdevelopmentandbreak2throughsconcerningup2sizingtechnologyandintegrationofDSCshavebeenreviewed.Keywords:dye2sensitizedsolarcell;photoanode;dye;electrolyte;counterelectrode;industrialization,,(),,(),3,,,,[1],25%[2],,1991,MichaelGr¾tzel(DSCs),[3],,DSC,20,DSC11%[4],DSC1,3:,,,,,DSC,,©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.¾tzel[3]TiO2,,7%,,TiO2,ZnO,SnO2,Nb2O5[5]TiO2,TiO2ZnO,[6],DSCTiO2,,,TiO2,,;TiCl4,[7];[8]TiO2SnO2TiO2DSCs[9],[10][11],FTO(SnO2)30nmFTO/,,714%815%,,,DSC,[12]TiO2,,,,,,,()ZhaoY[13]TiO2,DSC[14]TiO2,DSC,TiO2,DSC[15]DSC,(),150,,ZnOTiO2,ZnO,,,2,318%[16]1,(TiO2)312eV,,9©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(a)I2V(b)Fig12ThephotoanodeofZnOflexibleDSCfabricatedatlowtemperature(a)andtheI2Vcharacteristic(b):TiO2;;,LUMOTiO2;3-,N3N719DSC[17],[18219],,DSC,Ru,,,,,[20],,,D22A(2-)[21]3:(a)N3,(b),(c)D22A,(d)N719,(e),(f)Fig13Severaltypicledyes:(a)N3,(b)coumarindye,(c)D22Adye,(d)N719,(e)blackdye,and(f)indolinedyeUchida[22]D205915%,3,,[23][24]Ru,QDSC(),,,[25],,,1[26],QDSCCdSe,TiO2CdSCdSe4122%[27],1DSCHOMO01©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[28],I-3/I-,()I-3/I-,,TiO2,DSC,,,,AlI3,DSC519%,,[29],-DSC,,,,,,I-,DSC,Gr¾tzel[30]DSC,812%,,,[31],,,,,p(HTMs)p(CuICuSCN)Tennakone[32]CuIDSC,214%CuI,,TiO2,CuI,CuI,318%,[33]Spiro2OMeTAD1998,Gr¾tzel[34]DSC,33%IPCE()0174%,Spiro2OMeTAD5%[35],,PEDOT(3,4-)DSC[36],,,,,,[14][37],LiI,DSC,,LiI3-(HPN)[38],Li+Li(HPN)2,a,b,cI-,4SiO2,,,,5148%,,SiO2[39-40],LiI(C2H5OH)4/SiO2(611%),,[40]4LiI(HPN)2Fig14ThecrystalstructureofLiI(HPN)211©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),,,DSCDSC,,,-1,I-3I-DSC,,Pt,Pt,PtPt[41-42],Pt,,,I-3/I-,,Pt1996,A1Kay[43]DSC,6167%,,DSC[44],(CNT)2006,Gr¾tzel,911%[45],Pt83%,DSC-(HCS)[46],,Pt92%,[47],DSC611%,,[48],DSC619%,,DSC,DSC,PEDOT[44],[49]DSC,2090DSCDSC,2001,STA200m2DSC,2002,Konarka1350,DSC,,2006G24,20MWDSC,2004500WDSC,,,DSC,TiO2I-3/I-,019V,Spiro2OMeTAD1V[50]DSCDSC,DSC,,DSC[51-52],2:;,(TiO2),,Z[53]W[54]2DSC,2,,,Z,;W,,,DSC,54,3,3,2317cm2,615%(5b)(01196cm2)713%,,DSC,,,21©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(a)I2V(b)Fig15ThephotographofourDSCmodule(a)anditsI2Vcharacteristicundertherealsunlightillumination(b),DSC,DSC:();;,,DSC,,,,[1]ChapinDM,FullerCS,PearsonGL.ANewSiliconp2nJunc2tionPhotocellforConvertingSolarRadiationintoElectricalPower[J].JournalofAppliedPhysics,1954,25(5):676-677.[2]GreenMA,EmeryK,HishikawaY,etal.SolarCellEfficien2cyTables[J].ProgressinPhotovoltaics:ResearchandApplica2tions,2009,17(1):85-94.[3]OReganB,Gr¾tzelM.ALow2Cost,High2EfficiencySolarCellBasedonDye2SensitizedColloidalTiO2Films[J].Nature,1991,353(6346):737-740.[4]NazeeruddinMK,AngelisFD,FantacciS,etal.CombinedExperimentalandDFT2TDDFTComputationalStudyofPhotoelec2trochemicalCellRutheniumSensitizers[J].JournaloftheAmeri2canChemicalSociety,2005,127(48):16835-16847.[5]KatohR,FurubeA,YoshiharaT,etal.EfficienciesofElectronInjectionfromExcitedN3DyeintoNanocrystallineSemiconductor(ZrO2,TiO2,ZnO,Nb2O5,SnO2,In2O3)Films[J].Jour2nalofPhysicalChemistryB,2004,108(15):4818-4822.[6]OzgurU,AlivovYI,LiuC,etal.AComprehensiveReviewofZnOMaterialsandDevices[J].JournalofAppliedPhysics,2005,98(4):1301-1303.[7]NazeeruddinMK,KayA,RodicioI,etal.ConversionofLighttoElectricitybyCis2X2bis(2,2p-bipyridyl-4,4p-dicarboxy2late)ruthenium()Charge2TransferSensitizers(X=Cl-,Br-,I-,CN-,andSCN-)onNanocrystallineTiO2Elec2trodes[J].JournaloftheAmericanChemicalSociety,1993,115(14):6382-6390.[8]PalomaresE,CliffordJN,HaqueSA,etal.ControlofChargeRecombinationDynamicsinDyeSensitizedSolarCellsbytheUseofConformallyDepositedMetalOxideBlockingLayers[J].JournaloftheAmericanChemicalSociety,2003,125(2):475-482.[9]KrgerJ,PlassR,CeveyL,etal.HighEfficiencySolid2StatePhotovoltaicDeviceDuetoInhibitionofInterfaceChargeRecombi2nation[J].AppliedPhysicsLetters,2001,79(13):2085-2087.[10]PengB,JungmannG,JagerC,etal.SystematicInvestigationoftheRoleofCompactTiO2LayerinSolidStateDye2SensitizedTiO2SolarCells[J].CoordinationChemistryReviews,2004,248(13-14):1479-1489.[11]LiuXZ,HuangZ,LiKX,etal.Recombinatio