搜索
河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书摘要科学技术的飞速发展与进步给人们的生活带来了前所未有的便利，如电力技术的迅猛发展与应用，合成材料的诞生，新能源的不断涌现，自动化程度的不断提高等等，使人们的衣食住行条件得到了极大的改善。然而其负面的作用也随之凸显出来，如液化石油气，各种电子产品，易燃装饰材料等我们身边经常接触到的一些普通生活用品，为火灾的发生埋下了巨大的隐患，人们在享受科技带来的便利之外无时不在受到潜在的火灾的威胁。所谓水火无情，为了避免火灾以及减少火灾造成的损失，让人们的生活更加安宁，残酷的现实以及触目惊心的教训要求我们必须设计和完善火灾自动报警系统，提高火灾的预警与早期处理水平，将火灾消灭在萌芽状态，最大限度地减少社会财富的损失。基于此，本文从生活中的实际情况着手，设计了一种适用于多种公共场所的基于单片机的火灾智能报警系统。该火灾报警系统是以AT89C51单片机作为控制中心，接受、处理火灾探测器输出的烟雾浓度信号、温度信号，并进行声光报警。它通过不断的向现场发射巡检信号来监视现场的温度、烟雾浓度等，并不断反馈给报警控制器，控制器将接到的信号与内存的正常整定值比较、判断确定是否有火灾的发生。当现场烟雾或者温度发生异常，或者发生火灾时，可实现声光报警、烟雾浓度、温度报警限设置、故障自诊断、延时报警等，是一种结构简单、性能稳定、使用方便、价格低廉、智能化的烟雾传感器，具有一定的实用价值。关键词：AT89C51单片机，智能报警，传感器，控制器河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书AbstractTherapiddevelopmentandprogressofscienceandtechnologyhasbroughtunprecedentedconveniencetopeople'slife,astherapiddevelopmentofelectrictechnologyandapplicationofcompositematerials,theconstantlyemergingofthenewenergy,theconstantimprovementofthedegreeofautomation,etc.makepeople'sfoodandclothinglivelineconditionsimprovedgreatly.However,itsnegativeeffectalsostandsout,someordinaryarticlesfordailyusesuchasliquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG),allkindsofelectronicproducts,flammabledecorativematerialsaroundus,buriedthehugehiddentroubleforthebeginningofthefire,peopleenjoyingtheconveniencefromtechnologyconstantlyunderthethreatofpotentialfire.So-calledwaterruthless,inordertoavoidfireandreducefirelosses,makepeople'slifemorepeaceful,theharshrealityandshockinglessonrequiresustodesignandimprovetheautomaticfirealarmsystemandimprovetheleveloffireearlywarningandhandling,whichwillmakeafireinthebud,tominimizethelossofwealthofsociety.Basedonthis,thistextsetaboutfromtheactualsituationinlife,wedesignakindofintelligentfiredetectionandalarmsystemsuitableforavarietyofpublicplacesofbasedonsinglechipmicrocomputer.ThefirealarmsystembasedonAT89C51asthecontrolcenter,acceptsandtreatsthesignalofsmokeconcentrationandtemperatureofthesmokefiredetector,alarmingwithsoundandlight.Throughsendinginspectionsignaltothesiteinspection,itmonitorsthetemperatureandsmokeconcentration,andconstantlyfeedbackstoalarmcontroller,thecontrollerwillreceivethesignalcomparedwiththenormalsettingvalueofthememoryandjudgmentwhetherthereisafirehappening.Whenthesmoketemperatureanomalies,orthereisafire,itcanrealizesoundandlightalarm,thesettingofsmokeconcentrationandtemperaturealarmlimit,faultself-diagnosis,delayedalarm,etc.It'sakindofintelligentsmokesensor,whichhascertainpracticalvalue,withthesimplestructure,stableperformance,convenientusing,lowcosting,andsoon.Keywords:AT89C51singlechipmicrocomputer,Intelligentalarm,Sensor,Controller河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书目录1绪论....................................................................11.1选题的背景及意义..................................................11.2国内外发展状况和现状..............................................11.2.1火灾报警系统发展历程.........................................11.2.2国内外火灾报警系统的发展现状.................................22火灾报警系统及其整体方案设计............................................42.1火灾发生时的特点..................................................42.2火灾报警系统功能及其类型...........................................52.3本系统的总体方案设计..............................................62.3.1本设计的研究范围.............................................62.3.2系统的硬件总体结构...........................................72.3.3系统软件总体结构.............................................83系统的硬件选择与设计....................................................93.1主要芯片的选择....................................................93.1.1单片机的选择.................................................93.1.2模数转换芯片的选择..........................................103.2传感器的选择.....................................................133.2.1火灾探测器的分类............................................133.2.2温度探测器的选定............................................143.2.3烟雾传感器的选择............................................163.3各电路模块的设计.................................................193.3.1单片机外围接口电路..........................................193.3.2A/D转换电路................................................203.3.3烟雾信号调理电路............................................223.3.4光报警电路..................................................223.3.5声报警电路..................................................233.3.6报警器故障自诊断............................................234火灾报警系统的软件设计.................................................244.1软件开发环境.....................................................244.2火灾报警系统程序设计.............................................24河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书4.2.1主程序流程图................................................244.2.2主程序初始化流程图..........................................254.2.3数据采集子程序..............................................254.2.4火灾判断与报警程序..........................................264.2.5滤波子程序..................................................275功能仿真验证分析.......................................................295.1关于仿真与编程软件................................................295.2Protues仿真原理图................................................296总结与展望.............................................................306.1总结......................................