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ThecontentofaresearcharticleorthesisAbstractIntroductionmethodologyresultsDiscussion/conclusionWhatwe’llbedoingGrammar&writingskillsvocabularygrammarBuildingamodelGeneralstructureKeyelementsIntroductionofConclusionsectiontitleSpecialfeaturefunctionAboutthetitleOption1Option2Option3Option4ResultsorDataAnalysisResultsorDataAnalysisResultsandDiscussionResultsorDataAnalysisDiscussionDiscussionDiscussionandConclusion(s)Conclusion(s)Conclusion(s)•Warmingupquestion:•1.WhatinformationshouldbeincludedinConclusion?•2.Especiallyhowtostartthenewsection?•Checklisttoquestion1:•1.Revisitingprevioussections•2.Summarizing/revisitinggeneralorkeyresults•3.Mapping(relationshiptoexistingresearch)•4.Achievement/contribution•5.Refiningtheimplications•6.Limitations•7.Currentandfuturework•8.Applications•Question2:•Especiallyhowtostartthenewsection?•Revisitingtheprevioussection?•Overviewofthissection?1RevisitingprevioussectionsSummarizing/revisitinggeneralorkeyresults2Mapping(relationshiptoexistingresearch)3Achievement/contributionRefiningtheimplications4LimitationsCurrentandfutureworkapplications3.Buildingamodel•Writeashortdescriptionofwhatthewriterisdoingineachsentence,andatthesametime,trytoidentifythevocabularyorsentencepatternwhichwilljustifyyourdecision.3.Buildingamodel•1.Priorworkhasdocumentedtheeffectivenessofpsychosocialinterventiononimprovingqualityoflife(Q0L)andreducingstressinpatientssufferingfromvariousdisorders;Epstein,18forexample,reportsthatorthopedicpatientsparticipatinginatwo-weekmultimediainterventionprogrammeimprovedacrossseveralQ0Lindices,includinginterpersonalconflictandmentalhealth.•thewriterrevisitspreviousresearch•Vocabulary:priorwork,documentedforexample,3.Buildingamodel•Q1:WhyshouldIbegintheDiscussionbyrevisitingpreviousresearch?•A:ThestartofasubsectionshouldprovideaneasyentrytothatsubsectiontwoconventionalwaysofbeginninganewsectionHowtostartanewsectionOverviewofthenewsectionRevisittheprevioussectiontwoconventionalwaysofbeginninganewsectionOverviewofanewsectionmethodologyresultsconclusionOverviewofMaterials&methodsOverviewofresultsAlmostimpossibletwoconventionalwaysofbeginninganewsectionRevisitingtheprevioussectionRevisittheIntroductionRevisittheMethodologyRevisittheResultsrevisitingprevioussection•revisitingtheIntroduction•---torestatetheaimsofthepaper,•---restateimportantbackgroundfactualinformation,•---restatetheoriginalprediction/theory/assumption•---restatetheproblemthestudywasdesignedtosolverevisitingprevioussection•revisitingtheMethodology•---forareminderoftherationalefortheproceduresfollowed•---asummaryoftheproceduresthemselves••revisitingtheResults•---forasummaryoftheresultsobtainedbyothersorbytheauthor•Q:WhichrevisitingshouldIchooseinDiscussion?•A:beginbyrevisitingthemostsignificantaspectsofyourwork.•revisitingtheIntroduction:•IfthemostimportantaspectofyourpaperisthatitprovidesastrongresponsetothegaporproblemthatyousetupintheIntroduction,fulfilsyouraimand/oractuallysolvestheproblem,beginbyrecallingthatgap,aimorproblemfromtheIntroduction.•revisitingtheMethodology:•Ifthechoiceofsoftwareyouusedortheprocedureyoufollowedorthemodificationsyoumadetoexistingproceduresisthemostimportantaspectofyourwork,beginbyrevisitingtheMethodology.•revisitingtheResults:•Ifyourresultsarethemostsignificantaspectofthepaperbecausetheyprovideconfirmationofatheoryorrevealsomethingnew,beginbyrevisitingtheResults.•Q:whichsectionistheauthorrevisiting?•A:introduction.thewriterhasrespondedstronglytotheclaimsmadeintheliterature•similarlanguagetothoseinthesectionyouhavechosentorevisitcanbeused.•Thiswillprovidean‘echo’forthereader,andwillhelpthemrecallthatsection•Sentence2:however,thesestudieshaveeitherbeenshort-termstudiesorhavenotfocusedonpatientswhosedisorderwasstress-related.•thewriterrevisitstheIntroductiontorecallspecificweaknessinthemethodologyusedinpreviousstudies.•Q:canyouguesswhatwilltheauthordiscussnextaftermentioningtheweaknessofpreviousstudy?•A:Thepresentstudy•thewriter:firstrevisitsthegap/problemintheIntroductiontorecalltheweaknessesinpreviousmethodologywhichhavebeenaddressedinthepresentwork,andthenmovesontothespecificdifferencesbetweenthemethodologyinthepresentworkandthatofpreviouswork.thecontributionofthispaper:thedifferencebetweenthemethodologyinpreviousandpresentresearch,yesorno?•Sentence3:Inthisstudywetestedtheextenttowhichanextendedthree-monthstressmanagementprogrammeimprovedQoLamongagroupofpatientsbeingtreatedforstress-relatedskindisorderssuchaseczema.•thewriterrevisitsthemethodologyusedinthisstudy.•Vocabulary:inthisstudywetested..•Q:IfIrevisittheMethodologyhere,howmuchdetaildoIneedtoprovide?•A:UsingthesamelanguageasintheMethodologywillhelpthereadertoremembertheprinciplesofyourmethod,•itiscommontorecallsignificantfeaturesofyourmethodhere.•donotaddnewinformationtothemethod,justrecallkeypointshere.•Sentence4:wefoundthatinvirtuallyallcases,participationinourthree-monthstressmanagementprogrammewasassociatedwithsubstantialincreasesintheskillsneededtoimproveQoL.•thewriterrevisitsandsummarizestheresults.•Vocabulary:wefo