1重力式挡土墙设计1.1设计依据(1).墙身构造某二级公路路基宽度B=12m,土路肩宽0.75m,某段路基拟采用浆砌片石重力式路堤墙支挡(见图1),填土边坡坡度为1:1.5墙身分段长度10m。(2).车辆荷载公路Ⅱ级(3).土壤与地基墙背填土为砂性土,容重γ=18kN/3m填土与墙背间的摩擦角取δ=/2地基土性指标与填土相同(4).墙身材料5号砂浆砌30号片石,砌体容重k=24kN/3m;砌体容许压应力[]=800kPa许剪应力[τ]=160kPa,容许拉应力[1]=80kPa。(5).计算参数墙背坡度1:0.2(俯斜)(11.31),墙面坡度为1:0.05(=2.86°),填土高a=2m,挡土墙高度H=7m,内摩擦角=33°,基底摩擦系数f0.35,地基容许承载力[σ0]=300kPa1.2车辆荷载换算当m2时,20.0qkPa;当mH10时,10qkPa试算拟定顶宽1b1.00m,根据几何关系可计算得,挡土墙实际高度H1=7.89m,墙底宽B1=2.86m,由线性内插法(5.2225.11Hq)得:17.55Hm时,1.257.5022.513.125qkPa注意:以下所有H值代表H1值换算均布土层厚度:013.1250.70218qhm1.3主动土压力计算1.3.1破裂棱体位置确定(1).破裂角(θ)的计算假设破裂面交于荷载范围内,则有:11.3116.53360.810011a2(a)27.8920.70227.8955.8422AHhHtan222121000haHHhdbabB1122.52.50.701-7.897.892220.7010.222-6.235其中b21.510.52.5m,tan0.2)tan)(tant(tantan00ABco-6.24-tan60.81cot30tan60.81tan60.8155.84)0.57故arctan0.5729.68(2).验算破裂面是否交于荷载范围内H=7.89m,d=0m,tan0.2,b=2.5m,m5.1075.0212d2b0B堤顶破裂面至墙踵的距离:atan5.64mH荷载内缘至墙踵的距离:btan-2.0mH荷载外缘至墙踵的距离:tan10mbHB-2.0m5.64mm10m,故破裂面交于荷载范围内,与假设相符。1.3.2主动土压力计算(1).求主动土压力Ea和土压力作用位置0055.84,-6.24AB,sincostan00aBAEcos29.68331855.840.57+6.24sin29.6860.81314.9kNcosxaEE314.9cos11.3116.5278.53kN1:m11:m21:m3H0Zx1EyEaEZxZy1ZysinyaEE314.9sin11.3116.5146.91kN1tanh1.77antanbat0tananh2td412h6.12Hhh2401244021x221213)23(3HhhHhHaHHhhhhHaHZ22227.891.770.7016.1236.12-27.897.893221.7720.7016.1237.89117.8927.897.892.92my1tan1.64mXZBZ(2).求土压力对墙趾的力臂b1Ox1x3B’图1-4墙背主动土压力与作用力臂示意图图1-5基底大样图由于挡墙基底倾斜,实际的墙趾为O’。因此,为了便于对挡土墙进行稳定性计算,土压力的水平分力Ex和垂直分力Ey对墙趾O点的力臂必须修正为实际墙趾O’点。x1x2.03ZZxmy111btan3.89xZZm1.3.3被动土压力计算被动土压力很小,忽略不计1.4稳定性验算1.4.1计算挡土墙墙身重量G及其力臂ZG表1-1每延米挡土墙墙身重G及其力臂ZG计算结果体积3()iVm重量()iGkN力臂()GiZm1b011HV11kGV110122GbmHZ1.07772416810.057220.67512012HHBV22kGV320212HHmBZG2.727.897121.211.212429.0422.720.27.89-731.871103bH2BV33kGV1110323GBbmHZ=4.38=105=2.9123V=V+VVkGV112233GGGGGZGZGZZG12.59302.161.56备注:(1)墙趾水平截面宽度:'11021170.252.75BbHmmm(2)基地水平投影宽度:11210b1+0.27.890.0272.72BmHmHm(3)1m和2m应遵循“左负右正”原则,在公式中带入正负号。b1H0b1/21:m11:m2H(B’-b1)/3G1m1H0/2G3m1H0/3m2(H-H0)’1O’G2m2(H-H0)/31.4.2抗滑稳定性验算由于墙前无被动土压力,'pE=0,依据《公路路基设计规范》(JTGD30-2015),需要满足:0tan1.1tantan1.121010201PQXQyQPQXyQEEEGEEEG其中,tan0.2,0.35fPQXQyQPQXyQEEEGEEEG21010201tan1.1tantan1.11.1302.161.4278.53146.910.20-00.351.1302.161146.910.21.4146.910。1570x0cx0tantanNEKEN,y302.6278.53581.13kNGEN=1.371.3因此抗滑稳定性满足规范要求。1.4.3抗倾覆稳定性验算'pE=0,依据《公路路基设计规范》(JTGD30-2015),需要满足:08.0p2x1y1pQxQyQGZEZEZEGZ代入数据得:0.8302.61.561.0146.913.89-1.4278.532.0300抗倾覆稳定性系数:yxppxyGZEZEZEGZK'0=0.710k=1.5不满足抗倾覆稳定性要求。为了提高挡土墙的稳定性增设墙趾1b11:m21:m0H1G3Gb41:m4G1:3m2G0HH1B综合考虑该路段的挡土墙设计形式为重力式,初步拟定尺寸如下图,具体数据通过几何关系计算如下:1=1.0mb,H=7.89m,2.25b,0H=7m14.57B换算均布土层厚度:013.1250.70218qhm墙背坡度1:0.2(俯斜)(11.31),墙面坡度为1:0.05(=2.86°)设结构41:m=1:0.051.5稳定性验算1.5.1计算挡土墙墙身重量G及其力臂ZG表1-1每延米挡土墙墙身重G及其力臂ZG计算结果体积3()iVm重量()iGkN力臂()GiZm1b011HV11kGV110122GbmHZ1.07772416810.057220.67512012HHBV22kGV320212HHmBZG2.727.897121.211.212429.0422.720.27.89-731.871103bH2BV33kGV1110323GBbmHZ=4.38=105=2.9123V=V+VVkGV112233GGGGGZGZGZZG12.59302.161.56备注:(1)墙趾水平截面宽度:'11021170.252.75BbHmmm(2)基地水平投影宽度:11210b1+0.27.890.0272.72BmHmHm1m和2m应遵循“左负右正”原则,在公式中带入正负号