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UL48ISBN1-55989-974-3ElectricSignsUnderwritersLaboratoriesInc.(UL)333PfingstenRoadNorthbrook,IL60062-2096ULStandardforSafetyforElectricSigns,UL48FourteenthEdition,DatedFebruary29,1996Revisions:ThisStandardcontainsrevisionsthroughandincludingJuly2,2001.ULStandardsforSafetyaredevelopedandmaintainedintheStandardGeneralizedMarkupLanguage(SGML).SGML--aninternationalstandard(ISO8879-1986)--isadescriptivemarkuplanguagethatdescribesadocument’sstructureandpurpose,ratherthanitsphysicalappearanceonapage.DuetoformattingdifferencesresultingfromtheuseofUL’snewelectronicpublishingsystem,pleasenotethatadditionalpages(onwhichnorequirementshavebeenchanged)maybeincludedinrevisionpagesduetorelocationofexistingtextandreformattingoftheStandard.Textthathasbeenchangedinanymannerismarkedwithaverticallineinthemargin.Changesinrequirementsaremarkedwithaverticallineinthemarginandarefollowedbyaneffectivedatenoteindicatingthedateofpublicationorthedateonwhichthechangedrequirementbecomeseffective.Thefollowingtableliststhefutureeffectivedateswiththecorrespondingreference.FutureEffectiveDateReferencesJanuary2,2004Paragraphs,5.3.3,10.2.1,10.2.2,10.3.1,16.1A.1,20.1.8,20.1.9,20.1.11,30A.2,Table16.1,Figure20.1Thenewand/orrevisedrequirementsaresubstantiallyinaccordancewithUL’sBulletinonthissubjectdatedFebruary4,2000.Thebulletinisnowobsoleteandmaybediscarded.NotallproposalsfromtheFebruary4,2000bulletinhavebeenadopted.Somewillberevisedandreproposedatalaterdate.Additionalrevisions,editorialinnature,areincluded.TherevisionsdatedJuly2,2001includeareprintedtitlepage(page1)forthisStandard.ThemasterforthisStandardatUL’sNorthbrookOfficeistheofficialdocumentinsofarasitrelatestoaULserviceandthecomplianceofaproductwithrespecttotherequirementsforthatproductandservice,oriftherearequestionsregardingtheaccuracyofthisStandard.UL’sStandardsforSafetyarecopyrightedbyUL.NeitheraprintedcopyofaStandard,northedistributiondisketteforaStandard-on-DisketteandthefilefortheStandardonthedistributiondisketteshouldbealteredinanyway.AllofUL’sStandardsandallcopyrights,ownerships,andrightsregardingthoseStandardsshallremainthesoleandexclusivepropertyofUL.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformbyanymeans,electronic,mechanicalphotocopying,recording,orotherwisewithoutpriorpermissionofUL.RevisionsofULStandardsforSafetyareissuedfromtimetotime.AULStandardforSafetyiscurrentonlyifitincorporatesthemostrecentlyadoptedrevisions.JULY2,2001−UL48tr1ULprovidesthisStandard″asis″withoutwarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied,includingbutnotlimitedto,theimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforanypurpose.InnoeventwillULbeliableforanyspecial,incidental,consequential,indirectorsimilardamages,includinglossofprofits,lostsavings,lossofdata,oranyotherdamagesarisingoutoftheuseofortheinabilitytousethisStandard,evenifULoranauthorizedULrepresentativehasbeenadvisedofthepossibilityofsuchdamage.InnoeventshallUL’sliabilityforanydamageeverexceedthepricepaidforthisStandard,regardlessoftheformoftheclaim.ULwillattempttoanswersupportrequestsconcerningelectronicversionsofitsStandards.However,thissupportserviceisofferedonareasonableeffortsbasisonly,andULmaynotbeabletoresolveeverysupportrequest.ULsupportstheelectronicversionsofitsStandardsonlyiftheyareusedundertheconditionsandoperatingsystemsforwhichitisintended.UL’ssupportpoliciesmaychangefromtime-to-timewithoutnotification.ULreservestherighttochangetheformat,presentation,filetypesandformats,deliverymethodsandformats,andthelikeofbothitsprintedandelectronicStandardswithoutpriornotice.PurchasersoftheelectronicversionsofUL’sStandardsforSafetyagreetodefend,indemnify,andholdULharmlessfromandagainstanyloss,expense,liability,damage,claim,orjudgement(includingreasonableattorney’sfees)resultingfromanyerrorordeviationintroducedwhilepurchaserisstoringanelectronicStandardonthepurchaser’scomputersystem.Ifasingle-userversionelectronicStandardwaspurchased,onecopyofthisStandardmaybestoredontheharddiskofasinglepersonalcomputer,oronasingleLANfile-serverorthepermanentstoragedeviceofamultiple-usercomputerinsuchamannerthatthisStandardmayonlybeaccessedbyoneuseratatimeandforwhichthereisnopossibilityofmultipleconcurrentaccess.Ifamultiple-userversionelectronicStandardwaspurchased,onecopyoftheStandardmaybestoredonasingleLANfile-server,oronthepermanentstoragedeviceofamultiple-usercomputer,oronanIntranetserver.Thenumberofconcurrentusersshallnotexceedthenumberofusersauthorized.ElectronicStandardsareintendedforon-lineuse,suchasforviewingtherequirementsofaStandard,conductingawordsearch,andthelike.OnlyonecopyoftheStandardmaybeprintedfromeachsingle-userversionofanelectronicStandard.OnlyonecopyoftheStandardmaybeprintedforeachauthorizeduserofamultiple-userversionofanelectronicStandard.Becauseofdifferencesinthecomputer/software/printersetupusedbyULandthoseofelectronicStandardspurchasers,theprintedcopyobtainedbyapurchasermaynotlookexactlyliketheon-linescreenviewortheprintedStandard.AnemployeeofanorganizationpurchasingaULStandardcanmakeacopyof