搜索
山西省流域综合规划修编工作大纲山西省水利厅二00七年十月目录1流域概况·············································································11.1自然概况·····································································11.3经济社会概况······························································101.4历次规划实施情况························································131.5现状存在问题······························································162规划指导思想、原则与任务····················································202.1规划指导思想······························································202.2规划原则····································································212.3规划任务····································································222.4规划依据····································································233规划范围与水平年································································243.1规划范围····································································243.2规划水平年·································································254修编思路和技术路线·····························································264.1规划修编思路······························································264.2规划修编的技术路线·····················································275规划工作内容······································································315.1基础工作····································································315.2总体规划····································································395.3城乡供水保障体系························································405.4水生态环境保护与修复保障体系······································435.5防洪减灾保障体系························································485.6流域综合管理体系························································515.7重点枢纽工程及综合利用工程规划···································575.8其它规划工作······························································575.9环境影响评价······························································595.10投资匡算及实施安排····················································605.11规划实施的保障措施····················································615.12专项规划···································································625.13专题研究···································································626组织形式与工作安排·······················································627工作进度及提交成果·······················································64-1-1流域概况1.1自然概况1.1.1地理位置山西省地处华北地区西部，黄土高原东翼，东依太行山，与河北、河南两省为邻，西、南隔黄河与陕西、河南两省相望，北跨内长城与内蒙古自治区毗邻，四周几乎都为山河所环绕。地理坐标为东经110°14′～114°33′，北纬34°34′～40°43′。南北长约680km，东西宽约380km，总面积为15.6万km2，约占全国总面积的1.63％，其中海河流域面积为5.9万km2，占全省总面积的37.8％，黄河流域9.7万km2，占全省总面积的62.2％。1.1.2地形地貌按地形起伏特点，可将山西省分为东部山地区、西部高原区和中部盆地区三大部分。东部山地区以晋冀、晋豫交界的太行山为主干，由太行山、恒山、五台山、系舟山、太岳山、中条山以及晋东南高原和广灵、灵丘、阳泉、寿阳、长治、晋城、阳城、垣曲等山间小盆地组成。区内五台山叶斗峰海拔3058m，是华北地区制高点，全省最低点位于东部山地区的西南部垣曲县黄河谷地，海拔245m。西部高原区是以吕梁山脉为骨干的山地性高原，由芦芽山、云中山、吕梁山等山系和晋西黄土高原组成，最高峰关帝山海拔2830m。黄土高原按地貌分类，自北向南可分为黄土丘陵、黄土沟壑和残塬沟壑三个部分。中部盆地区自东北、西南向纵贯全省，由大同、忻定、太原、临汾、-2-运城等一系列雁行式平行排列的地堑型断陷盆地组成，高程自北向南梯级下降，大同盆地1050m，太原盆地750m，至运城盆地降为400m。各盆地广泛分布着黄土和冲洪积物，地形平坦、土地肥沃、工农业发达、城市众多、人口集中，是山西省经济繁荣地区。各种地貌类型占全省面积比重，山地约占72.0％，高原占11.5％，各类盆地为16.5％。1.1.3植被土壤新中国成立初期，全省森林面积为551万亩，森林覆盖率仅2.4％，零星分布于高山深处。经过50多年的发展，目前全省森林覆盖率已超过10％。天然林主要分布在中条、吕梁、太岳、太行、关帝、管涔、五台、黑茶八大山区的50余个县、市，因林区所在的地域和高程，组成多种森林类型，包括高寒地区生长的云杉，落叶松林，低山生长的油松林和阔叶林，以及暖温带的漆树、泡桐、杜仲林等。人工林除山地有少量栽植外，主要分布在风沙危害较严重的晋西北和桑干河、滹沱河流域，已形成相当规模的防护林网和护岸林带。全省现有草地面积6760万亩，主要分布在雁北干草原区与晋西北灌丛草原区。因土壤成因和所处地理环境的差异，受复杂的地形、气候、生物等自然因素和人类生产活动影响，省内土壤种类繁多，存在一定的地区分布规律性。地带性土壤类型包括南部(恒山以南，吕梁山以东)的森林灌木草原褐土地带，北部(人马山、黑驼山，内长城，恒山以北)干草原栗钙土地带，以及吕梁山以西的森林草原向干草原过渡的灰褐土地带。山地土壤类型，在恒山及其以北地区，主要是山地淡栗钙土，恒山以南，吕梁山北部，在-3-棕壤下有山地灰褐土，吕梁山南部，东部山地区的五台山及其以南诸山，土壤存在明显的垂直分布规律性，海拨2000m以上的坡度平缓地区为亚高山草甸土，以下依次为棕壤、淋溶褐土和山地褐土。1.1.4地质及水文地质条件山西省地层发育较为完整，除缺失奥陶系上统至石炭系下统，以及白垩系中、下统以外，其余各系均有分布。各岩类出露面积，变质岩和岩浆岩2.58万km2，碳酸盐岩类3.1万km2，碎屑岩类5.57万km2，松散岩类4.35万km2。广泛分布的裸露和隐伏碳酸盐岩类地层，形成一系列自成体系的岩溶水补给和储水构造，使地表水和地下水呈现复杂的转化关系并形成众多的岩溶大泉，泉水径流量约占全省多年平均地表水总量的1/4以上。受岩溶水补给的河流，基流量大且稳定，是山西省水资源的一大特点。山西省在大地构造上属中朝准地台上的隆起区，总的轮廓是一个大致呈南北向的穹窿地块，地势由西南向东北逐渐昂起，统称山西陆台。进一步可划分为下列5个主要构造单元：①河东南北向挠褶带；②吕梁、恒山褶带；③滹沱、汾河陆槽；④晋东南台凹；⑤太行陆梁。滹沱、汾河陆槽中的几个断陷盆地，基底埋深相差悬殊，运城盆地4500m，忻定盆地1300m，长治盆地埋深最浅，仅300m左右。山西省陆台位于阴山、秦岭两个东西向褶皱带及河东和石家庄至安阳两个南北向构造带之间，是一个比较活动的地块。地质时期多次构造运动生成的构造形迹，历经复合、改造和建造，形成现有的各类构造体系和构造型式，包括纬向构造、经向构造、扭动构造、前震旦纪古构造和挽近地质构造等。特定的地质构造和在此基础上形成的地貌特征，控制了河流水系的发-4-育，使山西省河流呈辐射状向省境四周发散；同时，对决定降雨径流关系的水文下垫面、对水文地质条件和地下水动态特征，也是起决定作用的影响因素。山西省水文地质条件，按含水岩类特性和地下水赋存条件，主要有三大类，即松散岩类孔隙水，碳酸盐岩类岩溶裂隙水和变质岩、变质岩及碎屑岩裂隙水。松散岩类孔隙水主要分布在中部盆地区的五大断陷盆地，含水岩组以第四系各种河湖相松散沉积物和冲积洪积地层为主。该类地下水补给来源，以大气降水的垂直入渗为主，约占补给总量的70％，其次是边山侧向补给和岩溶水排泄区的碳酸盐岩类岩溶水。地表水和地下水的补给关系，因含水岩组埋深及其补给排泄条件而异。山西省碳酸盐岩类主要分布在太行、吕梁，太岳诸山及晋西北地区。岩溶发育具有典型的北方地下隐伏岩溶裂隙发育的特点，岩溶化程度受气候影响，自晋西北向晋东南逐渐增强。对每个岩溶泉域，自上游补给区向下游排泄区，因径流增大，溶蚀加强，岩溶化程度随之提高。下古生代碳酸盐岩类是省内主要岩溶含水地层，娘子关、神头、晋祠等大泉均发育于奥陶系中统。除灰岩裸露区直接接受降水渗入补给外，灰岩区河流，特别在横切河道的构造破碎带上，地表水大量漏失，也是岩溶水一项重要的补给来源。变质岩、碎屑岩类地层省内出露面积约8万km2，地下水赋存于风化裂隙和构造裂隙之中，含水层埋深较浅，作为山区基流以散泉形式排出，因径流过程短，调节能力差，泉水流量小而不稳。1.1.5气候山西省地处中纬度大陆性季风区，因其东邻华北大平原，距海洋较远，-5-且有太行山屏障，形成了典型的大陆性气候特征，属我国东部季风气候区，水汽主要来源于太平洋和印度洋。春季干旱多风，蒸发量大；夏季受海洋暖湿气流影响，盛行东南季风，降水主要集中在7、8、9三个月；冬季在强盛的极地干冷气团控制下，雨雪稀少，干燥寒冷。同时由于南北地跨温带和暖温带两个气候带，加之地形多变高