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辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第2册辽东学院外国语学院公共英语本科教学部Copyright2007-2016Unit7sectionAWomanatthemanagementlevel女性管理者1WhenMonicaappliedforajobasanadministrativeassistantin1971,shewasaskedwhethershewouldratherworkforamaleorafemaleattorney.Iimmediatelysaidaman,shesays.Ifeltthatamale-boss/female-employeerelationshipwasmorenatural,needingnopersonalaccommodationwhatsoever.But20yearslater,whenshewasaskedthesamequestion,shesaid,Iwaspleasantlysurprisedthatfemalebossesaremuchmoreaccessibletotheiremployees;they'remuchmoresensitiveandintimatewiththeiremployees.1当莫妮卡1971年申请一个行政助理的工作时，有人问她想与男律师共事还是与女律师共事。“我马上说想与男律师共事，”她说。“我认为男老板和女雇员的关系更自然，丝毫不需互相调整。”但20年后，有人问她同样的问题时，她说：“令我感到惊喜的是，对员工来说，女上司更容易接近，她们更能理解人，与员工更亲密。”1WhenMonicaappliedforajobasanadministrativeassistantin1971,shewasaskedwhethershewouldratherworkforamaleorafemaleattorney.(Para.1)Meaning:Monicawasaskedifshewouldliketoworkforamaleorafemalelawyerwhensheappliedforamanagingjobatalawfirmin1971.Sentencestructurenote:“wouldrather”句型1wouldrather的意思是“宁愿；宁可；更；最好；还是…为好”，后接动词原形，表示优先选择的一种方式。其否定形式是wouldrathernotdosth.,wouldrather没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用wouldrather。例如：Ifyou/hewouldratherbealone,we’llallleavehere.如果你/他宁愿独自呆着，那我们会都离开这儿。2wouldrather后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时，表示希望或宁愿某人按某特定的方式做某事，这个结构常常表达的是现在或将来的行为。例如：I’dratheryoudidn’tmakeanycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.我想目前你还是不要对此事发表任何评论。2“Ifeltthatamale-boss/female-employeerelationshipwasmorenatural,needingnopersonalaccommodationwhatsoever.”(Para.1)Meaning:Ifeltthattherewasnoneedtocompromiseinarelationshipbetweenamalebossandafemaleemployeesinceitwasmorenatural.3But20yearslater,whenshewasaskedthesamequestion,shesaid,“Iwaspleasantlysurprisedthatfemalebossesaremuchmoreaccessibletotheiremployees;they’remuchmoresensitiveandintimatewiththeiremployees.”(Para.辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第2册辽东学院外国语学院公共英语本科教学部Copyright2007-20161)Meaning:However,whenshewasaskedthesamequestion20yearslater,Sherespondedthatitwasanicesurprisetofindoutthatfemalebosseshadbeenmucheasiertoapproach,moreunderstanding,andclosertotheirworkers.Meaningbeyondwords:Heranswerwasentirelydifferentfromwhatshehadresponded20yearsbefore.Itcanbeassumedthatshegainedthisparticularfeelinggradually.2Femalebossestodayarestillfindingtheyfacesubtleresistance.Thereisstillasegmentofthepopulation,bothmenand,surprisingly,womenwhoreportlowtoleranceforfemalebosses.Thegrowingpresenceoffemalebosseshasalsoprovokedtwomajorquestionsthatrevolvearoundstyles:Domenandwomenmanagedifferently,and,ifso,isthatagoodthing?2今天的女上司仍然发现，她们面临着不易察觉的阻力。还是有一部分人——有男性，令人惊讶的是还有女性——说很难忍受为女性工作。女上司的不断涌现，也引出了与工作方式有关的两个主要问题：男人和女人管理风格不同吗？如果有不同，是一件好事吗？4Femalebossestodayarestillfindingtheyfacesubtleresistance.(Para.2)Meaningbeyondwords:Femalebossestodayarestillexperiencinggenderdiscrimination,thoughitmaynotalwaysbeobviousornoticeable.5Thereisstillasegmentofthepopulation,bothmenand,surprisingly,womenwhoreportlowtoleranceforfemalebosses.(Para.2)Meaning:Aportionofpeople,menand,unexpectedly,evenwomenstatethattheycanhardlybearworkingwithfemalebosses.6Thegrowingpresenceoffemalebosseshasalsoprovokedtwomajorquestionsthatrevolvearoundstyles:Domenandwomenmanagedifferently,and,ifso,isthatagoodthing?(Para.2)Meaning:Withthenumberoffemalebossesincreasing,twoquestionshavebeenraisedintermsofstyles:Domenandwomenworkdifferently?Arethedifferencesgoodformanagementifthereareany?3Monicaisdisposedtothinkso,onbothcounts.Nowa40-year-oldmotheroffour,sheispresidentofapublicsectorlaborunionwith45,000members.Relationswithmyemployeesareprobablydifferentfromthoseofmalemanagersprecedingme,shesays.Iknowwhatit'sliketohavetocallandsaymykidgotthemumpssoIwon'tbecomingin.Ihaveamoreflexiblestyle—notsoft,justmoreunderstanding.ThemanwhoisMonica'sassistant辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第2册辽东学院外国语学院公共英语本科教学部Copyright2007-2016agrees,Shetendstodelegatemoreandisalwayslookingforaconsensus.Peoplearehappyandflourishbecausetheyhaveaninputintodecisionsandtheyarenotmerebystanders;theirenergiesareharnessed.Ontheotherhand,consensustakeslonger.3莫妮卡对这两个问题都持肯定的意见。莫妮卡现在40岁，有四个孩子，并且是一位拥有45,000名成员的公共部门工会的主席。“我与员工的关系可能跟在我之前的前任男性主管不同，”她说。“我知道当有人不得不打电话来说孩子得了腮腺炎而不能来上班是一种什么样的状况。我的风格更灵活，这不是软弱，只是多了一点理解。”莫妮卡的男助理表示赞成：“她往往放权更多，并总是寻求共识。大家都很开心，也有成就感，因为他们参与了决策，而不是单纯的旁观者。他们的能量得到了利用。当然从另一方面看，通过协商而达成一致意见需要的时间要长一些。”7Monicaisdisposedtothinkso,onbothcounts.Nowa40-year-oldmotheroffour,sheispresidentofapublicsectorlaborunionwith45,000members.(Para.3)Meaning:Monica,a40-year-oldmotheroffourchildrenandpresidentofapublicsectorlaborunionwith45,000members,isinclinedtolookatthesetwopointspositively:Womendomanagedifferentlyfrommenandthatisagoodthing.Note:“Apublicsectorlaborunion”(alsopublicsectortradeunion)referstoalaborunionwhichprimarilyrepresentstheinterestsofemployeeswithinpublicsector(government-owned,supportedorregulated)organizations.Publicsectorunionshavebecomesomeofthelargerormoreinfluentialunionsincertainareasoftheworldinrecenttimesasprivatesectorunionmembershiphasdeclinedsharply.8“Relationswithmyemployeesareprobablydifferentfromthoseofmalemanagersprecedingme,”shesays.“Iknowwhatit’sliketohavetocallandsaymykidgotthe