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英语构词法中的派生法派生法：在词根加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。一、前缀前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性（除少数前缀外）；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有：dis-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,mis-,non-,un-。disabledisadvantagedisagreedisappeardisapprovedisclosediscolourdisconnectdiscontinuousdiscontinuediscountdiscouragedisorderillegalimpossibleinaccurateinactiveinadaptableinapplicableinconstantinconvenientincredibleincurableindependentineffectiveinformalinvisibleirregularirremovableirrespectiveirresponsiblemisfortunemisguidemidinterpretmisleadmisreadmistrustmisunderstandmisusenonmetalnoncooperationnoninvolvementunableunacceptableunawareunbalanceunbreakableuncertainunchangeableuncomfortableundecidedunemployedundeterminedundevelopedunearthuneconomicalunfoldunpackuntie(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a.前缀antianti-fascistanti-gasanti-imperialistanti-JapaneseWarb.前缀autoautobiographyautographyc.前缀bi-bicenturybilinguald.前缀coco-operationcoauthorcoheire.前缀dedeformdegradedevaluef.前缀en-emenableencourageendangerenlargeenrichembitterg.前缀exex-soldierex-girlfriendex-wifeh.前缀mid-middaymidnightmidtermmid-agedi.前缀multi-multiformmultilingualmultimediamultipurposej.21.前缀over-overcrowdedoverworkoverloadoverproduceoverlookovercomek.22.前缀pre-prewarprehistoricprepaypreconditionl.前缀re-rewritereviewrecyclem.前缀vice-vice-chairmanvice-governorvice-premiervice-president二、后缀后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有：a、后缀-age，构成抽象名词marriagepercentageshortagestorageb.后缀al-构成抽象名词arrivalrefusalapprovalsurvivalproposalremovalc.后缀–an，-ian“人”从事……职业者”，构成名词。Italianlibrarianmagicianvegetarianmusicianpoliticiantechniciand.后缀-ance，-ence，构成名词.appearanceallowanceexistencepresenceperformanceignoranceinfluenceintelligenceevidencediligenceguidancepreferencesignificancee.后缀-dom构成名词kingdomfreedomf、后缀-ee，-eer，-er，-or，构成表人的名词beginnercompetitorconductordirectoremployeeengineerexamineeintervieweetailorvolunteerg.后缀-ess构成表“雌性”的名词actressgoddesshostesswaitressh、后缀-ful构成表“容量单位”名词abasketfulofahandfulofmouthfulspoonfuli.后缀-ics构成学科名词：gymnasticsphysicspoliticsmathematicsj、后缀-ism，构成名词Buddhismextremismimperialismterrorismpatriotismsocialismtourismk、后缀-ist构成名词。bioiogistchemisteconomistspecialistextremistgeologistphysicistl.后缀-ment构成抽象名词advertisementagreementamusementappointmentargumentarrangementdevelopmentembarrassmentequipmentestablishmentimprovementjudgmentrequirementtreatmentm.后缀-ness构成抽象名词：coolnesscorrectnessdampnessm.后缀-sion构成抽象名词：aggressioncomparisonconclusionexpressioninvasionpermissiontensionn.后缀-th构成抽象名词birthdepthlengthstrengthwarmthwidthyouth0.后缀-tion构成动作名词或抽象名词applicationcelebrationclassificationcreationcongratulationconsiderationconsolidationdescriptionp.后缀–ure，构成抽象名词failuremixtureq.以-ity或ty结尾，构成抽象名词abilitycuriosityelectricityequalityidentitymajorityprosperitysociety(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有：a.后缀-en，形容词后的-en，构成及物动词。名词后的-en构成形容词brightendeepenflattenfrightenloosensharpenstrengthenwidenwoodenwoolenb.后缀–ize，构成及物动词apologizeanalysecategorizeorganizerealize(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有：a.后缀-ableacceptableadjustableadmirableavoidableunbelievablecomparableendurableincrediblereasonablerecycleablerespectablevaluablevisibleb、后缀–al构成形容词environmentalgrammaticalnaturaloccasionaloriginaloperationalpersonalpoliticalpracticalprofessionaltraditionaluniversalc、后缀-ant/-ent，构成形容词distantimportantpatientconvenientpermanenturgentviolentservantd、后缀-ed构成形容词：astonisheddelightedexperiencedlearnedskilledunitede.后缀-ful，构成形容词carefuldoubtfuldreadfulregretfulresourcefulforgetfulfrightfulhopefulrespectfultearfulf.后缀–ic，构成形容词basiceconomicenthusiasticelectricenergeticheroichistoricsystematicg.后缀–ing构成名词或形容词amusingastonishingflaminggreetingmisunderstandingpromisingsatisfyingsufferingtrainingh.后缀-ish构成形容词：feverishfoolishSwedishSpanishi.后缀–ive，构成形容词aggressiveattractiveinstructivepersuasivepredictivej.后缀–less，构成否定形容词carelesshopelesshelplessk、后缀-ly构成的形容costlydailyfriendlylivelylonelylovelyl.后缀–ous或-ious构成形容词：adventurousambitiousconsciousenvioushumorousindustriousmountainousreligiousvariousm.后缀-y构成的形容词或名词bloodybraverydifficultyhonestyicyloyalty(4)构成副词的常用后缀有：a.后缀-ly或–ingly构成的副词accuratelyconstantlyeffectivelyfrequentlygenerallyindirectly三、经典例题2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild，sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death5.Thethree-________chairisn’tsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff.A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged7.Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem，Jacklooked________aboutathisclassmates.A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely8.Toeveryone’s________，thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.A.satisfiedB.satisfactoryC.satisfyingD.satisfaction10.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.A.permitB.permissionC.permittingD.permittence四、专项训练1.Youmustcomewithustothepolice________.Ourheadiswaitingforyou.A.headquartersB.headlineC.headmasterD.headache2.Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident；youdidit________.A.intendB.intentionC.intentionallyD.intentional3.Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswitha________smile.A.practiceB.practiseC.practicalD.practiced4.MyTVisoutoforder.Canyoutellmewhatisthe________newsaboutIraqWar?A.latelyB.latestC.laterD.latter5.TheGreatWallismo